IIUC Business Review
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Item A statistical analysis of the relationship between working capital management and profitability: Evidence from selected manufacturing companies of Bangladesh(International Islamic University Chittagong, 2021-12) Hossain, Mohammad EmdadThe aim of this study is to measure the relationship between working capital management and profitability. The research is based on secondary data derived from annual reports of companies listed on Bangladeshi stock exchanges. The sample spans nine years, from 2011 to 2019, and includes 52 manufacturing enterprises in Bangladesh, including 20 pharmaceutical companies and 32 textile companies. The cash conversion cycle is significantly positively associated with profitability, the average collection period is significantly negatively associated with profitability, and the inventory conversion period is also significantly negatively associated with profitability, but the average payable period is not significantly associated with profitability. This research adds to the literature by focusing on working capital management and profitability, particularly in the textile and pharmaceutical industries. There have been a few research on this topic, however they are limited in sample size and time period. This research looks at all active businesses in these two industries. As a result, policymakers in these disciplines may utilize these findings to make decisions.Item Analysis of Retail Investors' Behavior in the Capital Market(CRP (International Islamic University Chittagong), 2014-06) Islam, Serajul; Hoque, Nazamul; Hassan, RizwanThere are various types of investors in the capital market, but retail investors are a mentionable portion and they behave in the market in different ways. They are of different age, sex, education background and size of the family. They are different on the basis of income level also. Investors' behavior is influenced by demographic, financial and macro factors. This paper examines the various influencing factors of behavior and thereby finds some motivating factors for which investors behave aggressively, moderately and conservatively in the market. Due to imbalanced behavior by some investors, the market price fluctuates extremely. As a result new investors sometimes lose their capital and that is de-motivational for the new as well as potential investors. So the paper is an attempt to study the investors' behavior for finding relevantfactors to control the market behavior that will protect the investors' interest as well as to develop the efficient capital market.Item Antecedents, focus, and outcomes of work-life balance: A conceptual review(CRP, Center for Research and Publication, 2020-12) Uddin, MahiGrounded on a thorough literature review, this study proposes a conception about work-life balance (WLB) in an integrated approach, which includes antecedents, focus and outcomes of work-life interface. This framework includes two essential aspects such as, commitment to work and non-work roles and minimum role conflicts between role domains of work and non-work. Based on our conceptualization, this study reviews evidence regarding the consequences of WLB relating to work, personal life and stress outcomes. The study finally reviewed 57 published articles in their entirety out of 181 articles selected through searching databases. The study then pinpoints organizational and personal predictors to WLB and describes their influences on WLB. After that, I explained relevant theoretical approaches are aligning WLB and life satisfaction. The findings explored two key predictors such as organizational and individual, and three key consequences including, work-related, non-work-related, and stress-related consequences. The study further explained several theories relating to WLB and life satisfaction. Finally, I highlight policy implications and directions for future research.Item Application of the two-phase simplex method for optimal advertisement decision: A study on an E-commerce company(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2016-12) Sultana, NahidThe optimal advertisement decision aids to get the optimized effective customers within the limited budget. So it plays a significant role for any company. Every e-commerce company has many options for advertisement, but every company has to face difficulties in choosing the best advertisement media for maximization of customers with the restricted expenses. The study is based on a sample e-commerce company which is taken purposively. In this study, I have used the Two-Phase Simplex method which is very much suitable for the study. The study finds that the best media is E-mail, which makes the maximum possible effective customer within the restricted budget.Item Assessing Return on Training Investment (ROTI) of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2015-12) Ahmed, MahmoodThe training budget of Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. is about BDT 100 million for 10,425 employees to impart training at Islami Bank Training and Research Academy in the year 2013. If employees really are greatest asset, isn't it time to look at training programmes of Islami Bank Training and Research Academy as investments in human capital and not just as an expense? This article assessing the case for return on investment to the Special Training Course on Professional Development held twice in the year 2012 at Islami Bank Training and Research Academy. It has been found that the training of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited has a business value. Therefore, the regional centers of the Islami Bank Training and Research Academy may be established, like other public commercial banks, to make the training available at hand. Moreover, it will make the training investment cost effective, hassle-free and growth-led. The training programmes should be continuously improved to provide better value and increased benefits for the IBBL.Item Assessment of Financial Soundness: A Case Study of Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, 2007-08) Islam, Serajul; Alam, Zahangir; Chowdhury, Abdul HamidThe main objective of the study was to assess the financial soundness of Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd (BP L) by using Du Pont Equation &Altman's Model, The finn's management can use the Du Pont system and Altman's model to analyze ways of improving the firm's performance. By applying Altman's Model, it revealed that BPL would be financially unhealthy and would like to go bankruptcy in the near future. The main reasons for such state of affairs are shortage of adequate working capital, shortage of raw materials and their irregular supply, instability in raw material price, lack of requisite research & development activities, shortage of skilled manpower, lack of proper responsibility and accountability, limited market for products, absenteeism of workers from jobs, adverse factory environmental factors, power disruption and troubles in machinery. Therefore in order to improve the financial soundness of the company and to save it from bankruptcy proper steps should be taken to remove those reasonsItem Attitude of Younger Consumers Towards Advertising: A Study on University Female Students(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, 2014-06) Chowdhury, Nazneen JahanAdvertising - the frequently used and effective marketing tool - receives an undue amount of criticism from most of the sectors. This article is an endeavor to depict the influence of advertising from dual angle. One is social perspective and the other is economic perspective. The analysis is based on the survey of 52 female students are in the age of 20 to 25 years of BBA program of International Islamic University Chittagong which were drawn from 438 population. While still respecting advertising as a selling tool, businessmen of ours are increasingly uneasy about other aspects, such as its truthfulness and social impact. So students have mixed attitudes towards advertising. This is a principal finding of a survey recently conducted on 52 students. Vlews on advertising's power, responsibilities and ethics are also presented in this article. The article concludes providing some suggestions to the civil people or concerned quarters as well as govt. to curb some sort of distortion and exaggeration in advertisement to make the advertising 'worthwhile, meaningful and informative.Item Automation of financial reports of the commercial banks of Bangladesh: Benefits and challenges(CRP, Center for Research and Publication, 2020-12) Chowdhury, Md. Shahnur AzadAutomation has started its journey in every area after the invention of computer. Accounting is a traditional discipline from a long period of time. A rigorous development in this field has taken place in the last few decades. Now-a-days all of the functions of this discipline are almost automated. Specially, financial reporting is a crucial issue and is required by various stakeholders timely and accurately. Computerised system can ensure these qualities of financial reports. For conducting the study, data were collected by using questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS (version 22). KMO, factor analysis, ANOVA, regression, etc. are done on the collected and coded data. A lot of benefits of automated reports have been revealed like time-saving, cost-effective, increasing the speed and efficiency along with some challenges. The major challenges include maintaining security and the massive investment which is required for installing an automated system. Some policy implications from both bankers and customer-views are suggested to make the system sophisticated by ensuring the protection of the system.Item Categorization Effects and Shareholders' Attitude in Bangladesh((CRP), International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh), 2006-08) Islam, Sreajul; Hassan, RizwanThis paper briefly presents research findings regarding the categorization effects on the shareholders' attitude in Bangladesh. The Securities and Exchange Commission classifies all listed companies into different categories on the basis of some specific criteria in order to protect the interest of investors. This paper reveals that there are two schools of thought regarding categorization effects on shareholders' attitude. One school views that investors prefer and buy the company's shares on the basis of categorization. They want to invest in the companies on the priority basis from the various categories serially in order to reduce risks. Thus they encourage categorization system and think that they are getting benefit from the categorization system. The other school views that categorization is irrelevant, as it cannot affect the value of the firm in a perfect market. It reveals that investors prefer to invest in the companies' shares on the basis of growth rate and future prospects. They do not emphasize more on payout ratio and on AGM. They think that categorization cannot be useful for valuation of growth companies.Item Challenges and Potentials of Islamic Finance Products in the Australian Financial Market Regulation: A Critical Review(CRP (International Islamic University Chittagong), 2014-06) Shahed, Abul Kalam Muhammad; Ahmad, Abu Umar FaruqThe purpose of the study is to identify the key challenges in the growth and development of Islamic financial services in Australia for its largest Muslims minority. It also assesses the prospects for the emergence of Islamic banking in the Australian market in parallel to its conventional practice. The method employed in this study is a mixture of direct observation from legal and regulatory perspectives and author's personal experience, curiosity and association with this industry. However, Islamic legal context remains the only theoretical basis of the study. Through examining the above the paper seeks to argue that in order to meet the core challenges of Islamic finance a separate legal framework be established so as to facilitate its growth and development in the Australian financial marketItem Challenges of IFIs in practicing IFM and their solutions: Evidence from Islamic banks and insurance companies(International Islamic University Chittagong, 2021-12) Islam, SerajulThis research aimed to explore the challenges and solutions in practicing Islamic Financial Management (IFM) in Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) in Bangladesh. To achieve the objectives, this study adopted the qualitative approach and purposive sampling method including twenty-five semi-structured interviews with managers of Islamic banks and Islamic insurances. The rich qualitative data from the interviews were thematically analysed to identify the challenges and solutions in practicing IFM in the IFIs in Bangladesh. The major challenges and solutions that emerged were mainly categorised into three main types: social, organisational, and individual challenges and solutions. However, some of these challenges have been consistent with the previous studies while some have been newly identified from the participants' opinions. Similarly, some of the solutions in practicing IFM in the IFIs have been similar to the previous studies, while some of the findings have emerged as new additions to the current literature and practice. The results of the study have significant implications for both literature and practice.Item Community Based Tourism: A Potential Tool for Alleviating Poverty in Bangladesh(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2015-12) Khandaka, Sabrina; Muzahid, Mohammad Aman UddinThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible ways to alleviate poverty through developing community based tourism in Bangladesh- a country with a dominant rural population and agro-based economy. Community-based tourism [CBT] has been proposed as the appropriate program for addressing poverty by providing opportunities for income and employment generation. This paper deliberately attempts to portray the strategies and tactics for developing community based tourism in Bangladesh. Which properly can control the stressful nature of tourism while empowering the community; expanding tourism enterprises run by local communities; maximizing use of local labor, goods and services through reducing leakage; expanding informal sector linkages; preserving culture; conserving the environment and providing educational opportunities? However, a number of barriers prevent the poor from participating in such programs, including a lack of social capital and skills that need to be addressed before the benefits of CBT can be realized. In this regard, the study tries to find out the potentials of Islamic microfinance programs that extend small loans to poor people and provide them an access to micro-businesses supplying tourism product and services at low cost. Secondary data were used to achieve the objectives in this study. The write-up also suggests that an integrated approach to tourism planning and development is required for a notable sustainable growth of tourism sector that will very soon emerge as a major contributor to the economy of Bangladesh and will be able to unlock opportunities as well as create net benefit for the poor people of rural Bangladesh..Item Crashing in the Optimal Project Management: Cut Search Method V s. Linear Programming Method(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, 2007-08) Khan, Mohammed Shamim Uddin; Rahman, Muhammad MahbuburThe paper compares Cut Search Method and Linear Programming Method to the project time-cost trade- off analysis as a practical application and a conceptual development. Both the solution procedures are presented in this paper to determine the minimum resource utilization requirement to reduce the total project completion time from a normal to a crash condition. The study would help management in selecting the appropriate method for getting optimal crashing decision. The study finds Linear Programming method is better than Cut Search method. Linear Programming approach is also very much suitable to a broad range of practical project management problems, which provide some flexibility. Finally, the study suggests for using Linear Programming Method to the crashing project duration of urgent projects in the pipeline of ADP and private sector projects as well.Item Credit Market & Economic Development of Bangladesh: Review, Impact Analysis and Constraints(CRP (International Islamic University Chittagong), 2006-08) Karim, Mohammed Shamsul; Rabbi, YasirSupplv of credit and economic development arc inter related. The evolut ion of credit is more than 9000 rears back. Front the very beginning of history, credit performed different types of function embedded [rom the transferring process of resources to the he/ping the poor to alleviate the povcrtv /('I'cI. There are different I,i('\\'s of credit, which are leveled as old views, monetary views and modern views, While monetarv views preferred restriction on credit for the balanced development of the economy, the modern views have worked to diminish the credit market imperfection for the expected economic development. Because of credit market imperfection, credit was }IOT allocated proportionately in different sectors in Bangladesh, Moreover, the total credit market \I'as not coordinated, Here, micro credit market was remaining out of any kind of surveillance. To overcome (lin' kind of imperjection, appropriate legal system need to be developed in Bangladesh considering the wholestic view of credit, In addition, institutional surveillance for micro credit and access to credit information is essential to overcome the market imperfection ami for the economic development of Bangladesh,Item Credit risk management of conventional banks and Islamic banks in Bangladesh(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2017-12) Noman, Abu Hanifa Md.This paper examines credit risk management (CRM) process of both conventional banks (CBs) and Islamic banks (IBs) in Bangladesh. A set of structured questionnaires has been used in the investigation process. The study incorporates perceived opinions of 96 credit officers working for 17 CBs, and 5 IBs in Bangladesh. This study has found that the risk officers of private commercial banks in Bangladesh are competent in overall credit risk management process. Further, it has also found a significant difference between the credit officers working for CBs, and IBs on understanding and managing credit risk, and credit risk identification, however, no significant difference has been observed in credit risk assessment, credit risk monitoring and controlling, and CRM practices.Item Determinants of age at first motherhood in Bangladesh(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2016-12) Alam, Mohammad Manjur; Hoq, Mohammad Nazmul; Hossain, Mohammad EmdadFemale‟s age at first motherhood is an important determinant of fertility process, which also indicates the status of female in a society. In this research, an attempt has been made to evaluate the female‟s age to give their first birth as well as its significant covariates by utilizing the data extracted from 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model have been used to identify the association between age at first motherhood and selected background variables. The average age at first motherhood of this study is found to be only 17.92 years. Median age at first motherhood is close to the mean age at 17 years. The study shows that age at first cohabitation is significantly negatively correlated with the timing of first motherhood, while the age at first cohabitation is positively correlated with age at first motherhood. In bivariate analysis, all independent variables are strongly associated with age at first motherhood. The findings of multivariate analysis indicate that age at first cohabitation, spousal age difference, ever use of any method, respondents‟ current age, and respondents‟ education are found to be the significant covariates of age at first motherhood in Bangladesh.Item Determinants of dividend policy of Islamic banks in Bangladesh(International Islamic University Chittagong, 2021-12) Mazumder, Manjurul AlamIslamic Banks are playing an important role in the economic expansion of Bangladesh. There are ten Islamic Banks working in Bangladesh economy. The present study is to explore the factors of dividend policy of Islamic Banks in Bangladesh. The research is based on only secondary data and sample of seven Islamic banks out of ten Islamic banks. The relevant data have been gathered from annual report of sample companies from 2010-2020. Descriptive statistics and multiple regressions are used to examine the data. This study revealed that firm size as well as liquidity have substantial positive influence and financial leverage has significant adverse effect. The study appears to convey an immense academic value since a limited research have been commenced in this ground. It may be supportive to the possessors of Islamic Banks, Management, Educational researcher and the policy makers who have been creating endeavor to the progress of Islamic Banks as well as the economy of the country as a whole.Item Disclosure practices in Bangladesh: A critical review on Islamic insurance companies(International Islamic University Chittagong, 2022-12) Sultana, TaniaThe aim of the study is to analyze the reporting and disclosure practices in Islamic insurance (takaful) companies in Bangladesh. The accounting system is not the same for the both conventional and Islamic insurance companies as the principles and functions of takaful are different from the traditional one. The study included five Islamic insurance companies out of six as the sample organizations by using purposive sampling method. The un-weighted disclosure index (UDI) method has been used to grade the sample organizations on their disclosures in the annual reports for the period from 2015 to 2019. MS excel has been used to analyze the data. Despite their common regulatory rules, some differences have been found in presenting their reports of the sample Islamic insurance companies. According to UDI value, on the whole disclosure status of the selected insurance companies are good. This study found that the deviations in reporting in the selected takaful companies are not insignificant. The increasing trend of disclosure of the takaful companies bears the good indication.Item Does Lean Manufacturing Fit in an International Supply Chain?(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, 2014-06) Chowdhury, Mohammed Mustafa Manir; Chowdhury, MarufHossanLean manufacturing is a production system built with the ultimate goal of increasing productivity, enhancing quality, shortening lead times, reducing cost etc. It has been very successfully applied in the automotive industry. Lean Enterprise concept is the application of lean systems to all the members of the value chain in order to reap the full benefits from it. However, firms are increasingly extending their supply chains outside their home country in search of low cost. Complexity arises when firms that have members outside their countries want to adopt lean practices and geographical distance, transportation irregularities, management vision, etc become barrier. This paper aims at analyzing how firms manage a lean and an international supply chain at the same time. It's a conceptual study based on literature review. Secondary material specifically journal articles are the sources of knowledge for literature survey in this study.Item Earning and Spending: An Islamic Perspective(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, 2014-06) Bhuiyan, Mohammad Shafiul AlamEarning and Spending are the most important parts of our daily life, while not being the whole of it. Islam views our life as a compact whole and does not divide it into many separate and conflicting parts. That is why Islam laid down many rules and regulations about our earnings as well as the spending. This article is an attempt to show that the real and actual owner of everything is Almighty Allah alone and we are mere agents appointed by Him to administer our holdings. We come to this world empty- handed and depart from it likewise. So, we should be aware about our duty as Allah's agent and be ready to earn and spend all of these things according to the approved way of Allah (SWT). The article has also proved that everything is lawful to a person is lawful to earn with it and everything is unlawful to a person is also unlawful to provide for others. This article is a completely desk-based research. Al-Qur 'an, different Hadiths, Islamic literatures and other various research publications have been consulted to find out the basic rules of earning and spending in Islam.