IIUC Business Review

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    Reasons for the transition of conventional banks to Islamic banking in Bangladesh: Evidence from balance sheets and factor analyses
    (International Islamic University Chittagong, 2022-12) Ahmmed, Monir
    The study aims to answer the research question of why conventional banks are interested in converting into Islamic banks. The study uses some financial and statistical tools for measuring the financial strength of some selected banks in the scenario of before and after conversion and also measures the perceptions of Bankers and Policymakers that lead to the conversion of the bankers by factor analysis covering the Islamic banks of Bangladesh, which were converted from conventional to Islamic in the era of private commercial banks. The study found a statistically significant difference in performance between the pre-conversion and the post-conversion scenarios of the selected banks based on different financial ratios like Profitability Ratios, Liquidity Ratios, Risk and solvency ratios and Efficiency ratios. However, the results have indicated that higher capitalization, lower credit risk, higher profitability, and significant market share from conversion are the main reasons for converting to the Islamic system rather than religious obligations.
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    Examining the behavioral intention toward using smartphone among the university students in Bangladesh
    (International Islamic University Chittagong, 2022-12) Ahsan, Syed Mohammad Hasib
    This study endeavors to explore the factors affecting the behavioral intention toward using smartphone by university students in Bangladesh. In this study, “Technology Acceptance Model” (TAM) and “Theory of reasoned action” (TRA) have been integrated to examine the factors that influence attitude as well as an intention toward using smartphone. Factors used in the basic “Technology Acceptance Model” (TAM) include “Perceived Ease of Use” and “Perceived Usefulness”. “Subjective Norm”, deriving from “Theory of Reasoned Action” (TRA), is integrated with the theoretical framework. In this study, a survey is conducted on 428 students of 10 different universities in Bangladesh. Based on a theoretical framework of the study, a questionnaire is adopted from TAM using a seven point Likert’s scale. Statistical techniques such as multicollinearity test, reliability test, construct and discriminant validity, path analysis, and hypothesis testing are used to analyze the primary data. Findings reveal that “Perceived Ease of Use”, “Perceived Usefulness” along with “Subjective Norm” have significant influence on “Attitude toward using smartphone” that directly impact “Behavioral Intention”.
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    Effect of market orientation and innovation on business performance: Mediating role of competitive advantage
    (International Islamic University Chittagong, 2022-12) Ullah, Habib
    The goal of this study is to describe how market orientation and innovation help Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh had improved their marketing performance. To do this, a sample of 350 managers and Operations Managers from SME Enterprises in Bangladesh was chosen by purposive sampling technique and studied using structural equation modeling (SEM). This research shows that SMEs' performance would improve if they identify and meet customer needs. Furthermore, a company's ability to build a competitive advantage based on innovation and market orientation is directly correlated to the degree to which the company places a high priority on its customers. The study also found that market orientation and innovation have substantial direct and indirect implications on business success through competitive advantage. This means that competitive advantage considerably moderates the effect of market orientation and innovation on marketing performance, suggesting that a stronger business performance is associated with improved competitive advantage. For business success, managers must invest in customer orientation and innovation performance.
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    The effect of strategic green marketing orientation on customer satisfaction: The mediating role of green corporate image
    (International Islamic University Chittagong, 2022-12) Alauddin, Md.
    Green marketing plays a significant role in promoting environment friendly products anddeveloping a positive green image worldwide. This research aims to determine the role of green marketing orientation (GMO) on green corporate image (GCI) and green customer satisfaction (GCS). This research also examines the role of GCI as a mediator in the link between GMO and GCS. Data were collected from two hundred and fifteen clients of hotels in Hong Kong. The data were gathered using survey methods through the convenience sampling technique. The results indicate that green marketing orientation positively influences both green corporate image and green customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that GCI serves as a mediator between GMO and GCS. These findings suggest that hotel managers should develop a positive green image by designing the green marketing mix to enhance the level of green customer satisfaction. The research also brings out the significance of the GMO actions that are required for developing GCI and GCS.
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    Measurement of the impact of micro-credit programs on poverty alleviation in Bangladesh
    (International Islamic University Chittagong, 2022-12) Billah, Md. Arif
    The main purpose of this study is to measure the impact of micro-credit programs on selected non-government organizations (NGOs) regarding poverty alleviation in Bangladesh using a purposive sample of 1000 credit borrowers. Alongside respondents' perceived change in a poverty situation, this study developed an alternative measure of poverty change based on changes in household wealth and educational attainment. This study found that the perceived change in poverty was 78.1 percent. However, the poverty change index (PI) examination indicates that around 55.6% of the respondents had successfully overcome their poverty. According to the analysis of multinomial logistic regression and two-level binary logistic regression, the amount of loan, various NGOs' performance, satisfaction level, previous loan, and micro-credit as the main instruments of asset and poverty change. Significance variation at the community level was found in this study, which means that respondents from various communities with similar attributes will demonstrat distinct impect on the evolution of the poverty situation. More research should be conducted to identify the causes of this difference to maximize the impact of microcredit.
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    Disclosure practices in Bangladesh: A critical review on Islamic insurance companies
    (International Islamic University Chittagong, 2022-12) Sultana, Tania
    The aim of the study is to analyze the reporting and disclosure practices in Islamic insurance (takaful) companies in Bangladesh. The accounting system is not the same for the both conventional and Islamic insurance companies as the principles and functions of takaful are different from the traditional one. The study included five Islamic insurance companies out of six as the sample organizations by using purposive sampling method. The un-weighted disclosure index (UDI) method has been used to grade the sample organizations on their disclosures in the annual reports for the period from 2015 to 2019. MS excel has been used to analyze the data. Despite their common regulatory rules, some differences have been found in presenting their reports of the sample Islamic insurance companies. According to UDI value, on the whole disclosure status of the selected insurance companies are good. This study found that the deviations in reporting in the selected takaful companies are not insignificant. The increasing trend of disclosure of the takaful companies bears the good indication.
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    Security of E-Banking transactions in Bangladesh: Does it need more importance from COVID-19 perspective?
    (International Islamic University Chittagong, 2021-12) Islam, Md. Shahidul; Ahmmed, Monir; Chowdhury, Md. Shahnur Azad
    Electronic banking service has grown in Bangladesh since 2001. Now, it has become most suitable and convenient fund transfer method in COVID-19 pandemic situation. The security risk issue is the most vital in the e-banking fund transfer. A survey was conducted where the risk factors were measured on five-point Likert scale by 200 bankers and customers in the pandemic period through phone and E-mail. After necessary modification and correction of collected data, descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s Alpha, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were conducted in IBM SPSS Statistics 20 and MS Excel 2010to test the hypothesis of the risk factor. Result shows the highest banking transaction risk factor is Account Information Security and lowest banking transaction risk factor is Double Check identity from the perspective of customers. The result also shows that less than 2 years experiences of e-banking are significantly more satisfied than the risk factor of 2 years to 6 years and more than 6 years e-banking experiences
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    Nexus between exports, imports and foreign direct investment: Evidence from Bangladesh
    (International Islamic University Chittagong, 2021-12) Daror, Hudayfe Osman; Ahmed, Zobayer; Muhumed, Muhumed Mohamed
    Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a significant role in international trade (IT). Numerous recent studies focused on the FDI-IT nexus and found a strong interrelation between the two variables. The current research empirically examines the causal linkage among imports, exports, and FDI in Bangladesh, utilizing available time-series data from 1980-2015. The study finds that the long-run equilibrium association exists among Exports, Imports and FDI. The study also finds unidirectional causality running from imports and exports to FDI, meaning the rise and fall of exports and imports cause an increase or decrease in FDI of Bangladesh, respectively, and there is no other long-run causality found among other variables. In the short run, unilateral causality is running from imports to FDI, imports to export and exports to FDI. These empirical findings mean that expanding trade can be used to attract more FDI in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study findings strongly support the notion that international trade (exports and imports) stem from the attraction of FDI.
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    Challenges of IFIs in practicing IFM and their solutions: Evidence from Islamic banks and insurance companies
    (International Islamic University Chittagong, 2021-12) Islam, Serajul
    This research aimed to explore the challenges and solutions in practicing Islamic Financial Management (IFM) in Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) in Bangladesh. To achieve the objectives, this study adopted the qualitative approach and purposive sampling method including twenty-five semi-structured interviews with managers of Islamic banks and Islamic insurances. The rich qualitative data from the interviews were thematically analysed to identify the challenges and solutions in practicing IFM in the IFIs in Bangladesh. The major challenges and solutions that emerged were mainly categorised into three main types: social, organisational, and individual challenges and solutions. However, some of these challenges have been consistent with the previous studies while some have been newly identified from the participants' opinions. Similarly, some of the solutions in practicing IFM in the IFIs have been similar to the previous studies, while some of the findings have emerged as new additions to the current literature and practice. The results of the study have significant implications for both literature and practice.
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    Determinants of dividend policy of Islamic banks in Bangladesh
    (International Islamic University Chittagong, 2021-12) Mazumder, Manjurul Alam
    Islamic Banks are playing an important role in the economic expansion of Bangladesh. There are ten Islamic Banks working in Bangladesh economy. The present study is to explore the factors of dividend policy of Islamic Banks in Bangladesh. The research is based on only secondary data and sample of seven Islamic banks out of ten Islamic banks. The relevant data have been gathered from annual report of sample companies from 2010-2020. Descriptive statistics and multiple regressions are used to examine the data. This study revealed that firm size as well as liquidity have substantial positive influence and financial leverage has significant adverse effect. The study appears to convey an immense academic value since a limited research have been commenced in this ground. It may be supportive to the possessors of Islamic Banks, Management, Educational researcher and the policy makers who have been creating endeavor to the progress of Islamic Banks as well as the economy of the country as a whole.