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Item Accounting in Islamic Perspective: A Timely Opportunity, a Timely Challenge(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Ahmed, Alim Al Ayub; Billah, Arif; Islam, Md AlidulAccounting from Islamic Perspectives (AIP) is an emerging field. Recent years have attracted scholars from around the world who have contributed their thoughts about how accounting can be seen from the Islamic lens. However, the efforts so far are rather fragmented and without a clear agenda for future research. This paper presents a review of the literary achievements made in the field and the areas of current focus. Although the field carries a huge growth potential, the author argues that there are several challenges and problems that the proponents of AIP will face as the field develops further. This paper outlines these problems and challenges and makes suggestions to surmount the potential pitfalls. It is argued herein that, in order to develop AIP as a formal discipline and integrate it within real-life business practices, the research efforts need to be more organized through an international consortium of researchers. A brief proposal for such consortium is included here. Finally, recommendations are made for potential research directions in which future research on AIP can be pursued.Item Addiction: Law and Practice in Bangladesh(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2007-12) Uddin, Md JalalIn Bangladesh addiction has come as a dreadful curse on social life. Being addicted to intoxicant, men are extremely demoted. As a result frustration, indiscipline & mournful ripeness/end fall in personal life as well as its horrendous impact fall in social life and national life. Consequently the youths, the future of the nation, are running to the depth of darkness. This article explores the origin and causes of addiction and its bad impact on social life. This paper also highlights the national laws and Islamic laws about addiction and tries to show the present practice in Bangladesh. This article ends suggesting the Government how to overcome this problem.Item The Advent of Islam in Bengal; An Economic Perspective(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2010-12) Islam, Md ThowhidulThis article aims at examining the causes to the advent of Islam in Bengal with a view to identify the economic perspectives in particular. Islam took about six hundred years for its advent into Bengal with political conquest by Bakhtiyar Khalji in the early 13th century, while it had come to Arabia at the beginning of the 7th century. But long before the conquest of Bengal by Bakhtiyar Khalji, the Arab traders had established commercial relation with the coastal lands of Bengal. Islam began to enter into Bengal with the hands of these early Arab Muslim traders. With the beginning of this early advent, Islam started to enter into Bengal through both the sea and land routes on different circumstances. Though there were many other reasons and grounds for the advent of Islam in Bengal, but the economic perspectives were the foremost and forerunner of the causes.Item Alison Porter in Look Back in Anger: Is She Responsible for her Sufferings?(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2014-12) Haque*, SalmaJohn Osborne’s play Look Back in Anger is a dramatic study of a strained marriage relationship. In it Jimmy Porter is the protagonist and Alison Porter, a retired Colonel’s daughter, is the heroine. The actual action of the play is centered around Jimmy’s relationship with her. Despite his dominance, his wife Alison Porter, is the most important supporting character on whom Jimmy inflicts pain by his tirades all the time until eventually she feels she can bear no more. Later on she leaves him in her pregnant state to seek peace. After the loss of the baby she comes back to him when both have lost faith in each other. So they will go back to their previous unhealthy relationship causing her to become deplorable again. My reading of Alison Porter is that she is a suffering person though some find Jimmy a sufferer. This paper aims at assessing her sufferings and the reasons behind themItem Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in the Administration of Civil Justice: Law and Practice in Bangladesh(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, 2008-12) Hossain, JahangirThe ADR system has been introduced and developed in the administration of civil justice in order to eliminate the endless suffering of the litigants. In most cases, the ever mounting expenses of litigation, congested court schedules, delay in disposal of suits have battered' the confidence of the people in the administration of civil justice and have put question on the efficacy of the system. The common forms of ADR are negotiation, conciliation, mediation and arbitration. All these various forms have some different characteristics but the ultimate goals of those forms are to relieve court backlog, undue cost and delay and to provide more effective, efficient and satisfactory dispute resolution to improve the quality of justice. This article is aimed at scrutinizing the mechanisms of ADR, incorporating in the provisions of different laws in Bangladesh and it's success. This article recommends for strengthening ADR mechanisms in the administration of civil justice and encourages litigants to resolve dispute through the mechanisms of ADR for establishing justice amicable settlement in the true sense.Item Ambivalence: The Divided Selfin Sylvia Plath’s Poetry(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2006-12) Sharif, Mohd.YasinAmbivalence, mixed good and bad feelings about particular entity, individual or circumstance, became a ruling passion in Sylvia Plath’s life. These ambivalence and breakdown are closely dealt with in her poems. Confessional poets usually reveal their own personal experiences without straining excruciating sentiment. Sylvia Plath, one of the 1960s most influential confessional poets used the same resentment and anguish that developed from her personal grief as the subject of many of her poems. SP is well known among the celebrities for her ambivalence schizophrenic, schizoid and paranoid nature. As an obsessive-compulsive neurotic, ambivalence dominated both her works as well as her life. This ambivalent personality of SP made her and her works obscure and bizarre to the readers. Many of her poems bear the evidence of narcissism, self-hatred, deep attachment and simultaneously deep hatred towards her dear and near ones. The present study is an endeavor to interpret this complex ambivalent personality of SP in light of her poems, her journals and her letters where she clearly confesses all her neurotic obsessed activities directly, honestly and sincerely without any hesitation. The study will also dug out the true logical reasons that lead to the suicide of a blooming star in her makeup.Item Antimicrobial activities of isolated probiotics and their metabolites against some pathogenic microorganisms(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2017-06) Sayeed, Mohammed Abu; Hossen, Altaf; Saha, Repon; Jakaria, Md.The study was aimed to finding the antimicrobial activities among probiotics isolated from different yoghurts and their metabolites against some common bacterial pathogens. The nutrient agar media overlay method (Disc diffusion Method) was used to determine the presence of antibacterial effects among the isolated probiotics. Probiotics produced potential antibacterial activities against several pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The maximum antibacterial property (13.5 mm of zone of inhibition) of bacterial strain found against Salmonella paratyphi. Conversly, bacterial metabolites produced maximum effect (10.3 mm of zone of inhibition) against Staphylocuccos aureaus. The antibacterial effect is one of the most important criteria for probiotics selection, and the verified antibacterial activities of the probiotics supports the development of these functional foods as a key to the enhancement of health in the consuming public.Item Auditing in Islamic Perspective and Auditing as Practiced in some selected Islamic Banks Operating in Bangladesh(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Imran, Muhammad Showkat; Ahmad, Afzal; Bhuiyan, Md. Zahid HossainThe study is on “Auditing in Islamic perspective and auditing as practiced in some selected Islamic banks “Operating in Bangladesh”. The study was conducted on total number of 5 Islamic banks operating in Bangladesh. The study was based on primary data, collected by interview method on the basis of a structured questionnaire. The main findings of the study are: i) identifying objectives and principles of Islamic auditing, ii) analyzing the procedures of conducting auditing in the selected banks, iii) focusing on the major responsibilities and role of an auditor in the eye of Islam, iv) identifying qualities of an auditor in the eye of Islam such as righteousness, trustworthiness, professional behaviour, fairness, proficiency and efficiency, honesty and confidentiality etc., v) identifying major problems involved in conducting Islamic auditing in the selected banks are reported as: auditors specially external are not very much familiar with rules and regulation of Shari’a Council, the bank authority disagree that auditors (external) are quite independent body, the concerned management feel discouraged to help the auditors by providing necessary information and data as well as document, non-standardization of Shari’a compliance and regulation for Islamic finance. Not well equipped with knowledge of Shari’a Council on the part of the employees, accounting systems and procedure are not fully in compliance with Islamic Shari’a, vi) The probable measures to overcome the problems are identified as : proper implementation of accounting systems as permitted by Islamic Shari’a, proper training to the accounting personnel regarding knowledge of Islamic Shari’a, supplying the auditors necessary information and data willingly by the Accounts personnel, recognizing purity of transaction, proper standardization of Shari’a Council rules and regulations etc.Item The Authenticity Gap between what is taught in Bangladeshi EFL Courses and the Reality of ‘authentic’ English(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2015-12) Tarannum, SawsanThe issues intend to discuss in this paper is one that frustrates teachers and students alike. Bangladeshi Students diligently practice their English for varying degrees of time and make varying amounts of progress but seem to run into insurmountable difficulties when confronted with ‘native speaker’ (NS) English. These difficulties stem from the seeming lack of convergence between the language being used by NSs and the language our students are practicing. In short, there is something of a 'gap' between what is taught in English conversation classes in Bangladesh, and the reality of ‘authentic’ English. This paper, therefore, briefly focuses on what is meant by the term ‘authenticity gap’ and the ‘role of text books’ in relation to this ‘gap’. Problems associated with utilizing ‘authentic English’ in Bangladeshi classrooms will also be discussed in detail. Finally, there will be recommendations on how to bridge this gap.Item Bacon's Ideas in his Essays: A Study from the Perspective of Islam(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2004-12) Kabir, Mohammad HumayunThe paper aims at examining Francis Baconâs ideas in his Essays from the point of view of Islam. Taking some representative essays of Francis Bacon, I have tried to find out those ideas in these essays which are conflicting with Islamic ideas. Here I have also identified some baseless statements of bacon about our Prophet Mohammad (SM) and the Muslim ummah and Baconâs allegation against Hazrat Mohammad (SM) has also been refuted. A threadbare analysis of Baconâs ideas as revealed in the Essays has been done in the light of the Holy Quran. Here it is also discussed how Baconian ideas are harmful to mankind and for human civilization in general.Item Ben Jonson’s Volpone: An Unconventional and Innovative Jacobean Comedy(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2011-12) Karim, SajjadulBen Jonson’s Volpone (1605) is the best known, most performed and most studied of all of his Plays. Volpone, or The Fox, does not contain the traditional moral and broad themes of Shakespeare. Volpone, disguised as a didactic comedy, is actually an intelligent and cynical satire that compels the audience to rethink their moral expectations. In Volpone, Jonson was successful in combining three genres in order to create a new form of comedy. Volpone is a powerful moral study of human greed, foxy cunning, and goatish lust. It is not the traditional form of comedy. It is a play that takes on the form of a comical satire as well as a morality play. It also adapts the features of a fable, and in that it strives to teach a moral. This play puts a different twist on what people would expect from a comedy or morality play. But, more than a satire on the traditional morality, it is a satire on the type of drama that was prevalent. This article analyses how Jonson presents his audience with an unconventional way of approaching the subjects he is satirizing by creating a new form of comedy that embodies the aspects of all three genres.Item Black empowerment and Afro-American values in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye((CRP), International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh,, 2021-03-22) Karim, SajjadulAbstract The Bluest Eye of Toni Morrison is extraordinarily significant, as it addresses the different sides of American literature, and the lives of the Afro-American people. Although the conventional theological aspects of white culture can negatively influence other characters of Morrison, it is Pecola whose life appears to be increasingly defenseless against the impulses of the individuals who have accepted the Western custom. In a democratic country, people generally have the same value, but there are still prejudices in the concepts of beauty and worthiness. The search for freedom, black identity, the nature of evil and the robust voices of African-Americans have become themes for African-American literature. Folklore covers the history of black and white interaction in the United States and also summarizes the feelings expressed in protest literature1. Morrison argues that the survival of the dark ladies in a white dominated society depends on loving their own way of life and dark race and rejecting the models of white culture or white excellence. This article attempts to examine The Bluest Eye from the perspective of empowerment of blacks and African American and their value system.Item Capitalism and collapse of humanity: A study of The Great Gatsby and Seize the Day(CRP, Center for Research and Publication, 2021-12) Alam, Md. MorshedulDisregard for men by men for money and wealth prompted by capitalism plays a devastating role in modern societies. In The Great Gatsby (1925) and Seize the Day (1956) by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Saul Bellow respectively, the two American novelists portray a modern society of America belonging to 1920’s and 1950’s, which fosters capitalism to bring disaster to human life. More specifically, Tom Buchanan in The Great Gatsby and Dr. Adler in Seize the Day have involved in manifold activities destructive to human relationship stirred up by material success which significantly exposes them as a capitalist. They prove themselves neither to be truly moral nor pro-human so, they possess the negative qualities of the capitalist victimizers of men. This paper attempts to explore how Tom Buchanan and Dr. Adler, representing two different decades of twentieth century capitalistic America, nurture the objective of earning money and wealth, perform anti-human activities and turn capitalist victimizers. For this kind of human nature, ultimately, men collapse and consequently, individuals, family and society go through inhuman sufferings.Item A Case Study of the Commercially Published ELT materials in Foundation of English Course Books 1 & 2(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2014-12) Chowdhury, Yousuf Uddin KhaledBrumfit (1979) has suggested that many commercially published ELT materials are little more than masses of rubbish, skilfully marketed’. He perhaps rejects most of the published materials. However, in reality, it is observed that these ELT resources are the only available alternatives in the contexts where infra-structural limitations of language classrooms and the inefficiency of the language-teachers make the goal of language learning and teaching unreachable or unattainable for many of the learners. This paper, through a case study, aims at justifying the use of commercially published ELT course books that are designed and used, considering the limitations and problems of the personally produced materials by untrained teachers. Nevertheless, these materials must consider the local market rather than the global markets so that they meet the needs of the local language learners and instructors. The case study implies that it is the selection or adaptation of the right materials for the specific learners that makes them effective or ineffective. It also suggests that the personally designed or locally produced materials too may make teaching and learning difficult and impossible sometimes.Item Causes and Consequences of Western Extreme Negativism against Islam – Will Such Negativism Ever End? How? Why or Why Not?(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Ahmed, GhyasuddinHuman bad manners of blame games, corruptions, crimes, deceptions, dislikes, greed, hate and turns and twists divide people and create most problems in the society. Since the beginning of industrialization human bad manners have increased many folds in recent years and perhaps reached the highest level resulting in the demise of Soviet communism in early 1990s and the free market economy or capitalism in 2008. After communism Islam became the undeclared enemy of the West that led to the tragic events of terrorism on September 11, 2001. No doubt such heinous acts are absolutely unacceptable and unjust, these gave the few most influential and powerful people in the West to demonize Islam and dehumanize the Muslims for their vested interests. These are the tiny ‘invisible’ interest groups of who come from different sectors of the society and they always benefit from societal chaos, conflicts, confusions and even wars. Justifiably the West went to war to punish and eliminate the terrorists ignoring totally the other side of story that made Muslim world hostile with the West – the Israeli and Palestinian conflict. This is the major cause of Muslim dissatisfaction around the world. To show their anger and dissatisfaction with the USA we saw people dancing and showing their happiness and joy on the streets in the Middle East immediately after destruction of the Twin Towers after the 911 attacks! The truth on Muslim anger was best enumerated by the Pew Research Centers and in a few interviews to the media by a top ranking ex-CIA agent, Michael Schemer who was assigned to monitor and track bin Laden. In one interview he says, “We have yet to find a politician who is willing to tell the American people the truth” on the causes that divide the Muslims and the West. Instead of seriously trying to resolve the differences between the Muslims and the West, those tiny but most powerful interest groups are heavily engaged – more openly in slandering and smearing Islam and have launched propagandas 24/7 to destroy any good images and names that Islam ever had. This paper discusses the causes and consequences of the prevalence of extreme negativism against Islam in the West through a theory that he calls the Residual Rules. Two systemic models have also been developed to show the various linkages that led to such extreme negativism against Islam. President Clinton’s recent remark on the Middle East Conflict that Netanyahu killed the peace process and a large section of evangelical USC ongress men are making it impossible to end the conflict. The paper also raised many important issues and suggested few measures to improve relationships between the Muslims and the West.Item Celtic Tradition: The Guiding Force of William Butler Yeats(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2010-06) Karim, SajjadulThe folklore, myth, and legends of ancient Celtic traditions inspired William Butler Yeats a lot. By not falling into the trap of overly romanticizing his work, as many other authors of the time would do, Yeats was able to begin a tradition of another sort, the Irish literary tradition. By giving importance on the Irish culture in his work, Yeats fulfilled his own sense of national pride to the delight of his readers and audiences and to the chagrin of many of his English contemporaries who felt that nothing of value or worthy of study could come out of Ireland. From 1890 he was a member of the occult group of the Golden Dawn1, which fuelled his fascination with the mystic symbols of rosicrucianism and cabbalism. Because of these activities his thinking gave an emphasis on magic and apocalypticism that would remain a constant feature of his work. This article aims at exploring the Irish myth, folklore, occultism and the tradition that inspired William Butler YeatsItem Challenges and effectiveness of eclectic method at higher secondary level in rural Bangladesh((CRP), International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh), 2020-12-31) Alam, Morshedul. Sultana, TanzinThis article addresses the challenges and effectiveness of implementing Eclectic Method in Language Teaching at higher secondary level in the rural context of Bangladesh. This paper adopts a qualitative approach, and six rural colleges are selected to conduct the research. These institutions are located in Chittagong District, Bangladesh. Ten English teachers were interviewed face-to-face to collect data about the challenges they have faced and the effectiveness they observed in applying Eclectic Approach in their colleges. The findings show the applicability of Eclectic Approach in several ways that include flexibility in teaching, variety in adapting language teaching aspects, allowing new ideas, dynamic classroom facilities, enhancing teachers’ and students’ respect for cross-culture and multi-lingual classroom. The findings indicate some hurdles in teaching English that include lack of trained teachers, improper text books, teachers’ insufficient knowledge, rigid mentality of the rural teachers, insufficient infrastructural facilities, and taking pride in mother-language etc. This research may help the policy makers of language and curriculum design in developing effective strategies for Eclectic practices in rural Bangladesh.Item Challenges in implementing CLT at secondary schools in rural Bangladesh(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2016-12) Alam, Md. MorshedulThis paper tries to identify the factors that hinder implementing Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in the secondary schools in rural Bangladesh. This article takes a qualitative approach, and it is carried out in four rural schools in Banskhali, which is situated in Chittagong district in Bangladesh. Eight secondary level English language teachers were interviewed to generate data about the problems in implementing CLT in their respective institutions. The findings indicate several challenges that include: shortage of skilled teachers, unusually large class size, deficiency of modern materials used in CLT oriented classrooms, etc. This research may provide implications for the language policy makers and the practitioners for the improvement of CLT practices in the rural contexts of Bangladesh.Item Challenges of Islamic Da'wah in Bangladesh: The Christian Missions and Their Evangelization(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2007-12) Ali, Md Yousuf; Nurullah, Abu SadatAlthough Bangladesh is the second largest Muslim populated country in the world, there are several challenges of Islamic da‘wah here. The Christian mission, taking the opportunity of people's poverty and distress, is evangelizing them through financial assistance and other means. The rapidly increasing number of conversion to Christianity among the tribal population is alarming. The missionary activities are spreading around the country, chiefly in the intellectual arena, in educational institutions, and in other aspects of life. The influence of it on the culture, education, religion and lifestyle of people results into converting people to the Christian ideology. Particularly the young generations are inclining towards this lucrative dogma of the new age. Media, both print and electronic, are propagating and claiming the banning of the da‘wah movement. In these situation, the Islamic da‘wah movements require to explore and implement new methodology to face the enormous challenges to prevent Bangladesh from becoming a Christian country in future.Item Chieftaincy Institutions among Yoruba Muslims in Nigeria: Between the Present and Past(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2011-12) Sulaiman, Kamal-deen OlawaleThis paper intends to analyse the contemporary issues and challenges of chieftaincy Institutions among Yoruba Muslims in Nigeria. It delves into the origins of Islamic chieftaincy institutions, the roles and functions of Islamic Chieftaincy title holders. The methodology employed was based on information and analysis of the data from written sources. The paper reveals that the need to encourage believers in the propagation of Islam is a major reason for the multiplicity of chieftaincy titles. The paper recommended that for Islamic chieftaincy titles to be meaningful, preference should be given to Muslims who have the fear of Allah. While it concluded that in the early history merit and not mediocrity was the major consideration in the award of chieftaincy titles. The current trend therefore requires urgent review.