Department of Economics and Banking

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://dspace.iiuc.ac.bd/handle/88203/241

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Start date: 2013End date: 2019

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 16
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    Circular economy model for developing countries: evidence from Bangladesh
    (by Elsevier Ltd., 2018-05) Ahmed, Zobayer; Mahmud, Sakib; Acet, Hakan
    From environmental and sustainable development perspective, circular economy model is rarely applied in developing countries compared to developed nations. The aim of this paper is to review the overall scenario of the circular economy (CE) model in Bangladesh toward sustainable development. The study relies on the descriptive analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data, collected mostly from secondary sources with some in-depth interviews of the experts in the relevant field. The overall environmental status of Bangladesh, prospects, prac- tices, and challenges of the circular economy model were thoroughly discussed in this paper. Though there are prospects to switching towards CE, the study reveals that the CE model's applicability is very limited in Bangladesh, being exercised mostly through recycling processes in some industries. Most importantly, we attempted to explore what is holding the CE practice in Bangladesh back, and iterated some policy, technical, and public participation barriers existing in Bangladesh. This paper will benefit the policymakers in developing countries in general and Bangladesh in particular to look more into the matter and hope to present ideas for future researchers to work on the idea of CE in the context of particular sectors and subsectors of Bangladesh.
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    Criticisms of Coase Theorem: Can Ethical Strength of the Parties Ensure Efficient Resource Allocation?
    ([International Journal of Ethics in Social Sciences, 2016-06) Ahmed, Zobayer
    Ronald Harry Coase (1910–2013), a British economist and author in his famous Coase Theorem states, As long as private property rights are well defined under zero transaction cost, exchange will eliminate divergence and lead to efficient use of resources or highest valued use of resources.‟ The theorem has greater implications to internalize the externalities through market mechanism. However, the theorem has been criticized by environmental economists since the fundamental flaws of the theorem lie under the invalidity of its assumptions in the reality. Specially, in the presence of environmental externality, the assumptions of the theorem are not valid. This paper focuses on the role of parties in transaction where environmental externality exists, from the perspective of Islamic ethics. The paper argues, in the presence of negative externality where the assumptions of Coase Theorem are not applicable, the internalization of externality can still be possible without any government intervention. Such internalization is related to the ethical strengths of the parties involved in the environmental pollution. The paper further argues, the efficiency of resource utilization is positively related with the ethical strength of the parties in the market.
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    User Perception Of Mobile Banking Adoption: An Integrated Ttf-Utaut Model
    (Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 2017-12) Ahmed, Zobayer; Kader, Abdul; RASHID, Harun Ur; Nurunnabi, Mohammad
    This study investigates the factors influencing users’ perception on adoption of mobile banking (mBanking) services in Bangladesh from the understanding of technology perception. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) has used as an instrument to analyze the data collected from the respondents. The established framework of integrating the task technology fit (TTF) and the unified theory of acceptance and usage of technology (UTAUT) have been applied to examine users' perception and intention in adopting mBanking services. The study shows that the most influencing factor is Social influence (SOI) in adopting mBanking. Besides, Task-technology fit (TTF), Technology characteristics (TEC), Performance expectancy (PEE), Facilitating conditions (FAC), Task characteristics (TAC), and User adoption (USE) have great influence on users’ perception and attitude towards mobile banking services. The findings of this research show a useful understanding to the decision makers to implement and develop mBanking service and help to know how it affects users’ attitude, perceptions and intention. This research provides a highlight to understand the users’ perceptions about the adoption of mBanking in Bangladesh. It emphasizes greatly on the social influence from the users understanding toward adopting mBanking services and new technologies that have been a part of modern life style.
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    Rationalizing the Choice of Housing on Cultivable Land: Is Cash-Return the Only Determinant?
    (Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 2013-12) Saha, Pronab Kumar; Ahmed, Zobayer
    Society faces numerous problems due to high population growth where housing along with other settlements is a notable concern. Horizontal expansion of housing on cultivable land in rural area reduces the availability of land for cultivation. The study is a combination of both quantitative and qualitative in nature based on primary data, carried out in a village in Comilla, an eastern district of Bangladesh during April 2012. The study finds that the households receive returns both in cash as well as in kind from new homesteads made on cultivable land. The cash benefit received by households at new place is Tk. 156238.14 on an average per year in 2011 price and on an average the cash investment per year in 2011 price (inflation adjusted) for housing is Tk. 213108.1818 (weighted average). This clearly indicates a cash loss from housing on cultivable land from household’s perspective. However, statistically the cash investment for housing in rural area is not significantly different from the cash return received by the households at 5% level of significance. Thus it becomes an important question whether the household’s choice of making new home on cultivable land is a rational choice or not. Further, the amount of money each household spent for housing could have been used for a higher cash return through some alternative investments. The study reveals, households derive positive utility (non cash returns) from new homes notwithstanding cash loss and other investment options forgone. The study further argues that if the government or any authority is to take some steps regarding the declining trend of cultivable land in rural areas, the perspectives of the households must be considered with great attention.
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    Blue Economy of Bangladesh: Opportunities and Challenges for Sustainable Development
    (Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, Society for Science and Education, United Kingdom, 2018-08-25) Islam, Md. Khairul; Rahaman, Mahbubur; Ahmed, Zobayer
    The blue economy refers to the economic activity based on maritime resources. The paper aims to explore the current scenario of sea resources of Bangladesh. Using secondary data, the study reveals that Bangladesh can accelerate its economic growth through the sustainable use of the sea resources. Moreover, Bangladesh has 710 km long coastline with 200 Nautical Miles of an exclusive economic zone inside the Bay of Bengal. Marine fisheries contribute 19.4% of the total fish production of the country. Besides, the western coastline of Cox’s Bazaar is the longest sea beach in the planet that is visited by on an average, 81% of the international tourists arrive in Bangladesh. However, due to lack of institutional capacity and given the socio-cultural context, the sustainability of the sea resources is now facing critical threats. Apart from studying the present status of sea resources, the paper proposed some way forwards based on existing opportunities and challenges for promoting sustainable development in Bangladesh
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    Effect of military expenditure on economic growth: evidences from India Pakistan and China using cointegration and causality analysis
    (Asian Journal of German and European Studies, Springer open, 2019-06-21) Raju, Mohammad Hasan; Ahmed, Zobayer
    The study revisited the existing evidences of India Pakistan and China with updated data on the effect of military expenditure on economic growth. Econometric approaches analyzed the short and long run relationship between GDP growth and Military expenditure. Empirical studies have been done using cointegration analysis and causality test to justify the relationship and causality of the variables. Interestingly, study obtained positive log-run relation, no short run relationship and unidirectional long run causality in every cases, but for different degrees of relationship. Obtained results are robust and passed necessary diagnostic tests significantly
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    User Perception of Mobile Banking Adoption: An Integrated Ttf-utaut Model
    (Allied Academies, 2017-12) Ahmed, Zobayer; Kader, Abdul; Rashid, Md. Harun Ur; Nurunnabi, Mohammad
    This study investigates the factors influencing users’ perception on adoption of mobile banking (mBanking) services in Bangladesh from the understanding of technology perception. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) has used as an instrument to analyze the data collected from the respondents. The established framework of integrating the task technology fit (TTF) and the unified theory of acceptance and usage of technology (UTAUT) have been applied to examine users' perception and intention in adopting mBanking services. The study shows that the most influencing factor is Social influence (SOI) in adopting mBanking. Besides, Task-technology fit (TTF), Technology characteristics (TEC), Performance expectancy (PEE), Facilitating conditions (FAC), Task characteristics (TAC), and User adoption (USE) have great influence on users’ perception and attitude towards mobile banking services. The findings of this research show a useful understanding to the decision makers to implement and develop mBanking service and help to know how it affects users’ attitude, perceptions and intention. This research provides a highlight to understand the users’ perceptions about the adoption of mBanking in Bangladesh. It emphasizes greatly on the social influence from the users understanding toward adopting mBanking services and new technologies that have been a part of modern life style.
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    Predicting the Stock Market Efficiency in Weak Form: A Study on Dhaka Stock Exchange
    (EconJournals, 2018) Pervez, Masud; Rashid, Md. Harun Ur; Chowdhury, Md. Asad Iqbal; Rahaman, Mahbubur
    This study aims to examine the efficiency of Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) in the weak form using random walk model of Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) based on daily return series. The study applies both non-parametric (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test with Lilliefors coefficient, run test) and parametric test (autocorrelation test, unit root test and variance ratio test) on DSE general index, DSE broad index (DSEX) and DSE30 index ranging from June 1, 2004, to March 18, 2018. The results of the study show that the normality test and unit root test reject the null hypothesis of randomness while the result of the run test shows that only the share prices of DSE30 index follow the random walk out of three indices. Besides, the return series of DSE broad index show some signs in favour of randomness by autocorrelation test and the returns of DSE general index support the efficiency concerning variance ratio test under both homoscedastic and heteroskedastic assumptions. The overall results of the study show inefficiency of DSE in the weak form which means the investor has a chance to make an abnormal profit predicting the historical data. This study also provides valuable insight to the shareholders, investors, the board of directors and regulatory bodies.
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    Islamic Microfinance and Sustainable Development Goals in Bangladesh
    (Centre for Research on Islamic Banking & Finance and Business, 2018) Rashid, Md. Harun Ur; Uddin, Mohammed Jashim; Zobair, Shah Asadullah Mohd.
    The main objective of this study is to explore the Islamic Microfinance Instruments in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Bangladesh. The methodology of this study is based on secondary data including existing relevant literature, and annual reports of different financial institutions. The findings of this study show that Islamic microfinance institutions have a broader scope to attain SDGs through their various investment modes.The study categorizes the Islamic microfinance instruments into four broadly parts which are profit and loss sharing financing, non-profit & loss sharing financing, Islamic social enterprise based financing and charity based financing which have a positive effect to the real sector of the sustainable economy that will lead towards achieving SDGs. The Islamic Microfinance institutions are continuing their efforts in attaining SDGs through their various products. With growing the potentiality, Islamic microfinance has both direct and indirect impacts on ensuring economic development, environmental sustainability, and social inclusion by creating employment opportunity, spreading knowledge and skills, making self-dependent, protecting from adverse effects. The paper also tries to put recommendations to reduce the challenges of Islamic microfinance acting as impediments to achieving the SDGs.
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    The Causes and Consequences of Rural Urban Migration in Bangladesh : A Review of the Relevant Literature
    (Centre for Research on Islamic Management and Business, 2017-06) Firoj, Mahamuda; Rosni, Bakar
    This study aims at reviewing the existing theories and studies of rural urban migration which explore the causes and consequences of rural urban migration of a developing country like Bangladesh. According to most of the relevant studies of rural urban migration poverty, joblessness, homelessness, landlessness, economic degradation, mal adjustment of the community, river erosion and various natural calamities are the major push factors in migration process. Although pull factors are not so dominant, easy access of informal sector, higher income earning possibility, better service facilities, and bright city lights attracted people to make a settlement in the urban areas. Depending on reviewed document, the significant consequences of migration are crate employment and cash earning, enjoying some civic amenities, overcrowding, difficulties of waste disposal, shortage of housing, inadequate educational facilities, poor water and power supply, traffic congestion and environmental degradation.