Volume 10 & 11, December 2014
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Item The Rise and Decline of ArabuTamil Language for Tamil Muslims(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2014-12) Zubair, KMA AhamedThe Arab Muslim Traders and the native Tamil converts to Islam in Tamilnadu state of India and Sri Lanka came into closer contact as a result of their commercial activities. They were bound by a common religion, but separated by two different languages They felt the necessity for a link-language. They started to write Tamil in an adapted Arabic script called Arabu-Tamil. The Arabu-Tamil or Arwi script represents the Tamil language using an Arabic style of scripts. From eighth century to nineteenth century, this language enjoyed its popularity among Tamil speaking Muslims of Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka. The valuable and useful ideas of Tamil Muslim minds were conveyed in Arabicized Tamil called Arabu-Tamil. It rendered a most useful service for the advancement and progress of Arab and Tamil cultures. However, the beginning of the twentieth century saw the decline of Arwi language. And no step was taken to arrest this decline. The study analyses its rise and decline as a language of Tamil Muslims.Item Tafhim al-Quran: An Analytical Study of Abu al-A la Mawdudis Approach to the Understanding of Ayat al-Ahkam(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2014-12) Sarker, MasumThe aim of this paper is to study the approach of AbË al-AÑlÉ al-MawdËdÊ to the understanding of ÓyÉt al- AÍkÉm based on his tremendous scholarly work i.e. TafhÊm al-Qur’Én. The research has relied on inductive, objective and analytic methods in order to accumulate and study various ÓyÉt al-AÍkÉm, and to evaluate objectively the position of TafhÊm. MawdËdÊ emphasizes IjtihÉd for extracting verdicts from ÓyÉt al-AÍkÉm. In his view, al- Qur'an is not against the juristic disagreements as long as they do not contradict with the principles of Islam, and nor do they lead to disputes. Furthermore, many a time he has compared and gave preponderance among the views of jurists while in some cases he presented the views only. In addition, his juristic views were free from any doctrinal bigotry and were strongly supported by convincing evidences including previously revealed scriptures. Sometimes he has criticized the Western lÉaws in order to establish the superiority of Qur’anic legislations and rejected the misinterpretation of the ÓyÉt al-AÍkÉm by indisputable strong evidences.Item From Self Banishing Life to Life Banishing Self: The Prominent Causality and Lady Macbeth’s Tragic Downfall(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2014-12) Uddin, Abu Saleh NizamLady Macbeth of Macbeth is one of the most widely discussed characters created by Shakespeare. In the drama, just after Macbeth's disclosure to her as regards the witches' prophecy, she decides to pursue the shortest way to reach her goal within the shortest possible time. She instantly plans to kill King Duncan to enable Macbeth to ascend the Scottish throne. In this process she ultimately plans to have her share in power and prestige with her husband. To prepare herself for the horrible act of the murder, Lady Macbeth completely rejects natural and vital contents and functions of her soul or self. It is the dreadful banishment of self from life. It is tantamount to a manifold distortion of her feminine and human soul. She succeeds in her attempt only to experience the unbearable weight of regret and remorse that finally causes her to punish herself terribly in her own morose conditions which is life’s banishment from self, a downfall of colossal magnitude. This article aims at understanding the significance of this issue by studying the functioning of Lady Macbeth’s soul from the perspective of philosophy. This will also be done and by juxtaposing her with characters of similar nature from some of the great literary worksItem Doctrine of “Caveat Emptor” (Buyer be aware) in Common Law and the Doctrine of “Khiyar al aib” (Option of defect) in Islamic Law: A Comparative Study(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2014-12) Malek, Abdul; Begum, Anju Man Ara; Hoque, Kazi ArshadulThe Sale of Goods Act, 1930 deals with one of the important branches of contract especially the moveable goods with which the general people in the world deal every day. In dealing with the goods proposed for sale must be free from any known or unknown defect of either party of the contract of sale. Regarding the sale of defective goods the buyer has some remedies against the default seller in both common law and Islamic law. In common law it is known as “Caveat Emptor” (Buyer be aware) and in Islamic law it is known as “Khiyar al aib” (Option of defect). It is the general rule that the buyer should have an opportunity to satisfy himself as to the quality of the goods for his particular purpose and in absence of any query or unskilled test by the buyer, the seller is not to be liable for anything. In this article efforts have been made to examine the rights and duties of buyer and seller in Common law and Islamic Law. An attempt has also been made to find out similarities and dissimilarities of both laws regarding caveat emptor. Thus the paper, through the analysis of both laws, tries to address the problems and solutions related tocaveat emptorItem Protection of Rights of Consumers in Business Transaction: A Comparative Approach with Special Reference to Islamic Law.(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2014-12) Karim, Sheikh Mohammad TowhidulConsumer is weaker party in any business transaction. Islam has played a laudable role for the protection of consumer rights. The Islamic approach to business ethics is centered around criteria that are in common with stakeholder theory such as justice and balance, and includes unique additional criteria, such as, trust and benevolence. This article has given a comprehensive idea on the protection mechanisms of consumer rights in Islam. The promotion and protection of consumer rights are essential and considered as a prerequisite to “right to life” for every citizen. Consumer protection is necessary when markets fail to provide effective protection to the consumers or when there is an imbalance of power between buyers and sellers in a market.This paper examines the evolution of modern instruments and Islamic doctrine, and loopholes of conventional doctrine on consumer protection. Besides, this paper has explored how Islam brings unique benefits to all citizens for the protection of consumer‟s rightsItem A Case Study of the Commercially Published ELT materials in Foundation of English Course Books 1 & 2(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2014-12) Chowdhury, Yousuf Uddin KhaledBrumfit (1979) has suggested that many commercially published ELT materials are little more than masses of rubbish, skilfully marketed’. He perhaps rejects most of the published materials. However, in reality, it is observed that these ELT resources are the only available alternatives in the contexts where infra-structural limitations of language classrooms and the inefficiency of the language-teachers make the goal of language learning and teaching unreachable or unattainable for many of the learners. This paper, through a case study, aims at justifying the use of commercially published ELT course books that are designed and used, considering the limitations and problems of the personally produced materials by untrained teachers. Nevertheless, these materials must consider the local market rather than the global markets so that they meet the needs of the local language learners and instructors. The case study implies that it is the selection or adaptation of the right materials for the specific learners that makes them effective or ineffective. It also suggests that the personally designed or locally produced materials too may make teaching and learning difficult and impossible sometimes.Item Telecommunication Regulation in Bangladesh: An overview(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2014-12) Begum, Anju Man Ara; Murad, Mohammad Hasan; Hoque, Kazi ArshadulThe demand for telecommunications services is rapidly escalating. There has been a significant shift from domestic intrasufficiency to international interdependence in both the demand and supply sides of markets generally. As consumers become more sophisticated in evaluating the world market, businesses have to maintain their comparative advantage in services by globalizing research, manufacturing products with multinational counterparts. All of these factors- the high demand for telecommunications services, the interconnectedness of telecommunications sector inputs and uses, and international dependence-created the need to integrate the piecemeal and segmented Telecommunications trade policies, laws and regulations. This article begins by looking at the question ‘what is telecommunications?’ and then by identifying reasons why the industry is so highly regulated. The discussion is then led into the general way in which telecommunications is regulated and finally specifically at how it is regulated in Bangladesh. This article is intended to provide a big-picture overview of how telecommunications is regulated in Bangladesh. Recommendations are also suggested to improve the regulatory framework of telecommunication in BangladeshItem Issues in the Integration of Educational Technology into English Language Teaching Programme: An Empirical Study(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2014-12) Ali, MaksudTechnology, as everybody will agree, is increasingly getting involved in language education. In teaching English as an International Language (EIL), as a matter of fact, there is an apparent need for integrating technology into English Language Teaching (ELT) education. This need has eventually brought about a new scope for ELT in the form of a new genre: ‘Computer Assisted Language Learning’ (CALL). Following a Mixed Method Approach, this study investigates some of the issues relating to the use of CALL in the Department of English Language and Literature (ELL) at International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC). The findings indicate some barriers that seem to impede the integration and the implementation of CALL in the department.Item Evaluation of Corporate Bond Market Performance in Bangladesh(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2014-12) Bin Alam, Abu Hanifa Md. Noman; Islam, Serajul; Chowdhury, Nazneen JahanBond market plays a vital role in economic development of a country. Bond market provides long term finance to issuers by creating alternative source of finance through stock market, besides providing stable source of income to investors against volatile stock market. However, Bangladesh corporate Bond market is at very initial stage. Hence, it is needed to make an analysis of investors’ attitude towards corporate bonds in Bangladesh for determining investors finding on the issue. The study is limited to performance evaluation of three corporate bonds in corporate bond market in Bangladesh and investigate investors attitude towards it. We have collected secondary information from DSE web site and processed through SPSS to make performance analysis and collected primary data from investors of some brokerage houses in Chittagong metro through questionnaire survey for analyzing investors’ attitude towards corporate bond market. The study has found that price stability of ACI zero coupon bond is more than IBBL Perpetual Mudaraba Bond and BRAC subordinated convertible bond and it is also found that only 5% of respondents prefers to invest in corporate bonds due to lack of supply of corporate bond, lack of investors’ awareness, inadequate market regulations etc.Item TRIPS and Innovative Capacity of Bangladesh’s Pharmaceutical Industry: Promotion of Access to Essential Medicine(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2014-12) Chowdhury, Mohammad Aktarul AlamThe WTO agreement on Trade- Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) evolved some significant flexibilities in the Intellectual Property Rights on pharmaceutical product, especially regarding right of access to affordable medicine for the developing and least developed countries people as recognized in its Doha Declaration and in a related post-declaration decision. However, provisions of granting uniform character of pharmaceutical patents in all developing and lest developed countries put forward a strong debate over the globe for ensuring access to essential medicine to the poorer section of the member states of the WTO. Though Bangladesh, as a least developed country, has extended time up to 2016 to implement the pharmaceutical patent complying with the provisions of the TRIPS, such flexibilities seem to be a great challenge especially for Bangladesh where local technological capabilities and developed infrastructures to produce generic version of medicine still in nascent stage. In this context, this article demonstrates whether, in term of socio-economical conditions of the developing and least developed countries, this Western-style of IP provisions, is suited for Bangladesh. This paper seeks to explore and argue that in the absence of a strong institutional innovative capacity and the local technical expertise, whether Bangladesh’s pharmaceuticals sector can be able to supply marginal-cost substitutes of essential drug to other developing and least developed countries in the frame work of TRIPS flexibilities. To find out an effective and comprehensive solution this paper concentrates on the innovative capacity and competitiveness of the pharmaceutical sector and status of current pharmaceutical regulation and patent law in BangladeshItem Code-mixing in the FM Radio in Bangladesh: A Sociolinguistic Observation(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2014-12) Hosain, IqbalThis paper deals with code-mixing used in the FM radio of Bangladesh. Code-mixing, a term in sociolinguistics, refers to the hybridization of two languages in a bilingual context. Of late, in the FMs of Bangladesh, the Radio Jockeys and the callers have frequently been mixing Bengali and English codes in their various programs. It is supposed to be the liberalization of the air waves that leads to the shifting of language in broadcasting by the RJs. In this paper, the researcher intends to extrapolate the motivations for code-mixing, and see whether the specific extralinguistic factors contribute to such code-mixing. Data from naturally occurring announcements and conversations were recorded from the four main radio stations, and then transcribed into English for analysis.Item A Comparative Analysis of Profit Rate on Deposit in Islamic Banks in Bangladesh(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2014-12) Kabir, Mohammad Rokibul; Chowdhury, Abdul HamidThe study is based on a total number of seven full-fledged listed Islamic Banks operating in Bangladesh. Secondary sources of data are used in this research. Data were collected from the Website of Bangladesh Bank and studying relevant literatures. This paper examines whether there is any differences of profit rate on deposits among different Islamic Banks. It also aims at finding whether there is any relationship between inflation and profit rate on deposits. Analyses have been done for two types of deposits accounts called Mudaraba Term Deposits Account and Mudaraba Savings Account. The results of the study reveal that, in case of Term Deposits the highest mean return is 11.06458% as offered by the First Security Islamic Bank Ltd. and the lowest mean return of 8.687500% is offered by Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Ltd. while in case of Mudaraba Savings Deposits the highest mean return of 6.583333% is offered by the First Security Islamic Bank Ltd. and the lowest mean return of 4.330417% is offered by Al Arafah Islami Bank Ltd. during the studied period. One sample t-test has been applied to find whether there is any significant difference in profit rate in different months and the study unfolds that the profit rate differs significantly in all the banks from month to month. The findings of Paired Sample t-test suggests that there is a significant difference in mean return between the Islamic banks in both of the Mudaraba Term Deposits and Mudaraba Savings Accounts in all the cases except for two pairs as the return on savings deposit does not significantly differ between Al Arafah Islami Bank Ltd. and Social Islami Bank Limited while it does not differ significantly between Social Islami Bank Limited and Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. in case of Mudaraba Term Deposits. Finally, the relationship between inflation and rate of profit is found insignificant in case of Mudaraba Saving Deposits while significant relationship has been discovered between Mudaraba Term Deposits and rate of inflationItem Alison Porter in Look Back in Anger: Is She Responsible for her Sufferings?(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2014-12) Haque*, SalmaJohn Osborne’s play Look Back in Anger is a dramatic study of a strained marriage relationship. In it Jimmy Porter is the protagonist and Alison Porter, a retired Colonel’s daughter, is the heroine. The actual action of the play is centered around Jimmy’s relationship with her. Despite his dominance, his wife Alison Porter, is the most important supporting character on whom Jimmy inflicts pain by his tirades all the time until eventually she feels she can bear no more. Later on she leaves him in her pregnant state to seek peace. After the loss of the baby she comes back to him when both have lost faith in each other. So they will go back to their previous unhealthy relationship causing her to become deplorable again. My reading of Alison Porter is that she is a suffering person though some find Jimmy a sufferer. This paper aims at assessing her sufferings and the reasons behind themItem Women’s Participation in Managerial Activities: A Study on Employed Women in Selected Enterprises of Bangladesh(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2014-12) Chowdhury, Nazneen JahanWomen being a significant part of population have been found involved in managerial activities. But the degree of participation of women is still insignificant in Bangladesh because of different reasons such as social, cultural and political barriers, inadequate implementation of constitutional and legal provisions, lack of proper institutional and organizational structures etc. In view of these, the present study has been undertaken aiming at assessing the involvement of women in managerial activities of different industries. Of the number of industries that influence women in management, the eleven identifiable sectors have been selected based on purposive sampling technique. This study has revealed that women have multiple responsibilities at home and at work place. When comparisons were made with their male counterparts, women managers have been equally well educated and were found to be equally capable, creative, innovative and competent. They also have the potential of being trained up and to contribute to the development activities as effectively as a man perform. To effectively manage this transition, amongst others followings main interventions have been proposed: proper implementation of constitutional and legal provisions, change of customs and social practices that prevent women development, institutionalization of women‟s interests, development of appropriate training courses for women managers.Item Reviewing ImÉm Al-ShÉfi‘Ê’s TafsÊr ÓyÉt Al-AhkÉm for Developing Principles of Contemporary TafsÊr Literature(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2014-12) Ahmad, MokhterAl-ImÉm Al-ShÉfi'Ê is one of the greatest architects of Islamic thought in general and the Qur'Énic interpretation in particular. He is the founder of one of the largest denominations based on Islamic Jurisprudence. He made a substantial contribution towards formulating an epistemological methodology for the proper understanding of the Qur'Én, especially the Qur'Énic verses related to rulings (ÉyÉt al-aÍkÉm), and left a permanent imprint on and legacy for the later Muslim scholars dealing with Qur’Énic tafsÊr and/or tafsÊr of ÉyÉt al-aÍkÉm. The ImÉm devised and developed this methodology at such a juncture of Muslim intellectual exercise when some alien philosophies and doctrines infiltrated into almost all branches of Islamic knowledge. The tafsÊr literature was no exception. Besides, the emergence of some deviated intellectual outfits from among the Ummah itself virtually challenged and threatened the very fabric, purity, uniqueness and even existence of a distinct Islamic intellectual identity. For substantiating the principles of their thought, these deviant groups heavily relied on the primary normative sources of Islam (i.e., the Qur'Én and the Sunnah) and subsequently deducted policies from thereof for running their intellectual denominations. Some of these policies and principles developed thereof were also related to the interpretation of the Qur'Én itself. At this time, Al- ImÉm Al-ShÉfi'Ê along with others came forward, developed epistemological methodologies for governing almost all branches of Islamic knowledge including the Qur'Énic interpretation, and thus set the course of Islamic thought onright track. The same scenario is again seen everywhere around the globe where the felid of tafsÊr is further intruded by some obviously alien and un-Islamic philosophical underpinnings. Scores of denominations have already emerged in the Ummah itself which offer such grotesque interpretations for the Qur'Én or some of its verses that fall squarely contradictory even to its basic spirit, the fundamental sharÊ'ah principles, and the vivid Prophetic guidelines. Thus the need of the hour is to reassert the methodologies of Al-ImÉm Al-ShÉfi'Ê for the tafsÊr of the Qur’Én with an avowed objective of evaluating his contribution to this field and investigating into his epistemological principles so that the current deviation in the Qur'Énic tafsÊr may be corrected and a worthwhile methodology for the contemporary interpretation of the Qur'Én may be developed