Volume 09, December 2012

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://dspace.iiuc.ac.bd/handle/88203/67

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SCIENCE AND SCIENCE IN MUSLIM THEOLOGY Exploratory Study from Contemporary Books of Tafsīr
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Solihin, Sohirin Mohammad
The paper attempts to reveal the relation between science and religion from Islamic perspective by referring to the views of contemporary Qur'anic exegesis. In addition, it also highlights the sources of sciences based on the divine concept. Moreover, it discusses the status and task of Muslim scientists in developing the civilization. The Qur'ān supports the use of intellectualism to come out with the concept of sciences on the basis of divine guidance. There are many directions in the message related to sciences of biology, preservation of ecology, and medicine.
Towards an Integrated Islamic Curriculum for Bangladesh in line with the Recommendations of OIC Conference'77
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Rafique, Abu Bakr
Education holds very high position in Islam; the 1strevelation to the Prophet (s.a.w.) contains especial emphasis on knowledge and has been identified as an especial favor of the Creator. The four point objectives behind sending the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w) with the mission of prophet hood are all related to recitation, teaching and purification of soul through continuous training and guidance. Seeking knowledge has been made an obligatory duty on every Muslim - male and female - by the Prophet (s.a.w.). The Muslim wherever had ruled they had patronized education and established educational Institutions. These were open to all the peoples regardless of race, religion and caste. The Muslim rulers who ruled Bengal for more than 500 years had established many educational institutions, introduced a very advanced education system in Bengal, which was Islamic in nature and an integrated policy based on Arabic and Persian. After the British took over the rule of Bengal from the hands of the Muslims, they introduced an English medium secular education policy replacing the prevailing education system introduced by the Muslims. But the majority of the Muslims could not accept that policy, knowing that the main objective behind introducing that policy was degrading the Muslim society. The paper is a historical overview of prevailing Curriculum of the Islamic Education System in Bengal and the then East Pakistan in general, and the present Bangladesh in particular in one hand, and a recommendation for introducing an integrated Islamic Education Policy on the other.
Information Technology (IT) Ethics in the Light of Islam
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Masum, Abdul Kadar Muhammad; Ullah, Md. Cholem; Azad, Md. Abul Kalam
Globalization and digital convergence in the emerging knowledge society has raised complex ethical, legal and societal issues. We are faced with complex and difficult questions regarding the freedom of expression, access to information, the right to privacy, intellectual property rights, and cultural diversity. To overcome these issues, it requires qualified and educated IT (Information Technology) beneficiaries professionally and ethically. Professional organizations like ACM, IEEE and ABET have established codes of ethics to help IT professionals, especially end users to understand and manage their ethical responsibilities. Islamic ethics comprise moral principles and guidance that differentiate between right and wrong, which are comprehensive, stable, fair, and historically proved success in building ethically great societies. The estimated 1.5 billion of Muslims should have an effective role in IT related activities and life, which requires them to understand and implement ethics, specially the Islamic ethics in their IT related works. This paper is a roadmap for modeling the IT user principles, which show the main phases for solving such problems. It focuses mainly on adopting a new version of IT user principles based on Islamic ethical values.
Scientific Research; Instructions from the Holy Quran
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Uddin, Muhammad Athar
Science is the branch of knowledge that deals with the material world. In scientific research it is necessary to know "How does our knowledge of physical world expand?" and "What are the principles of scientific research?" In fact scientific research is a combination of experimental works and intellectual activity. The Almighty Allah has given specific fundamental properties to every materials of the universe. The Scientist can only discover very few of those properties and apply them in integrated form when and where necessary. Continuation of scientific research and advancement of the technology is possible only because of the unchangeable fundamental properties of all materials of the universe formulated by the Almighty Allah. As per Quranic instructions no scientific research is accepted without proven reason and the scientific theories contradictory to the Holy Quran must be rejected
Need of Islamization of Education for Sustainable Development
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Baqui, Md. Abdullahel
At the beginning, the paper discussed about the Position of human being in the universe according to modern science and Islamic perspective. Secondly, Significance of knowledge is highlighted as the main reason behind man’s highest status among the creations. Brief description is given on how knowledge came to man and what are the basic issues. Thirdly, the most notorious barrier against man’s knowledge gain is identified and a short account on the mechanism of its action is given. Then came, how man’s enemy starts setting its trap by distorting the Education System. How his desires are reflected in the concept curriculum teaching techniques and evaluation of almost all modern academic institutes together with its tragic impact on Development of man and society are exemplified. Critical evaluations are done on the role of traditional Islamic institutes and finally, suggestions are given on how to bring back the scenario of real development through islamization of education.
Economic Development of Bangladesh: The Role of IBBL
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Rahman, Shafiqur; McDonald, Nicholas
This paper presents the role of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (IBBL) to the recent economic development in Bangladesh. The study analyses published texts, articles, websites and annual report of this bank through a content analysis. Key findings of this study manifest the contribution of this bank in different areas of economic development in Bangladesh like generating employment, earning foreign remittance, strengthening rural economy, promoting ecology and green banking, boosting industrialization, developing the SMEs, assisting in foreign trade (import-export), developing the housing sector etc. This study also identifies IBBL’s significant contribution to the national exchequer. This paper contributes to the field of economic development of Bangladesh and the role of IBBL behind it and fills the gap of literature in this specific area.
Mainstreaming the Third Sector Economics by Adopting the Principles of Islamic Entrepreneurship: For Development with Equity and Social Justice
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Molla, Rafiqul Islam
The ‘private’ and ‘public’ sector economics found their own strong places to play roles in the mainstream economy. At the end, however, these two systems – the private, popularly called the first sector economy, and the public, called the second sector economy - both individually and jointly have been found seriously inadequate and incapable to ensuring wellbeing of human societies nationally and globally. Responding to such a situation a number of non-conventional approaches like cooperatives and social enterprises, waqaf, foundations, and other non-profit institutions, etc., together called third sector economy, were moved and promoted to ensure social justice and wellbeing of mankind. Initially it emerged as a make-up and defensive strategy of the market-state model to meet the minimum of unmet requirements in the sectors where the market and state have grossly failed. It, thus, played only a subordinate role. As a result, it could not help much to solve the problem of economic inequity, concentration of wealth, and social divides. However it is strongly felt that a broadly based third sector economic model with both not for-profit business like enterprises and for-profit businesses blended with social justice is necessary to play its role as a mainstream model not only for poverty alleviation but also for economic growth to bridge the economic and social divides. Mainstreaming the third sector is the urgent call of the day. Islamic entrepreneurship, which is basically a community centric mode of business initiative, is an antidote to the problem of intolerable economic and social dualism in thee economies. It is a natural strategy against all forms of capitalist exploitations, like in the past through European colonialism and now through American led terrorism, to control resources. Accordingly it is the natural model for solving the problems of economic inequity, concentration of wealth, and social divides. Therefore, this study finds the Islamic mode of entrepreneurship as most suitable and effective for widening and mainstreaming the third sector economics, more particularly in the developing countries. Johor Corporation (JCorp) in Malaysia and Sheba Polly in Bangladesh are examples of two types of Islamic style third sector enterprises – one is staunchly business like initiative and the other is cost based charity initiative for social benefit. For the development and promotion of the community-centric third sector economics model, the paper recommends for urgently establishing a research and development centre on third sector economics preferably under an Islamic Research and Development Institute in any reputed university.
Causes and Consequences of Western Extreme Negativism against Islam – Will Such Negativism Ever End? How? Why or Why Not?
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Ahmed, Ghyasuddin
Human bad manners of blame games, corruptions, crimes, deceptions, dislikes, greed, hate and turns and twists divide people and create most problems in the society. Since the beginning of industrialization human bad manners have increased many folds in recent years and perhaps reached the highest level resulting in the demise of Soviet communism in early 1990s and the free market economy or capitalism in 2008. After communism Islam became the undeclared enemy of the West that led to the tragic events of terrorism on September 11, 2001. No doubt such heinous acts are absolutely unacceptable and unjust, these gave the few most influential and powerful people in the West to demonize Islam and dehumanize the Muslims for their vested interests. These are the tiny ‘invisible’ interest groups of who come from different sectors of the society and they always benefit from societal chaos, conflicts, confusions and even wars. Justifiably the West went to war to punish and eliminate the terrorists ignoring totally the other side of story that made Muslim world hostile with the West – the Israeli and Palestinian conflict. This is the major cause of Muslim dissatisfaction around the world. To show their anger and dissatisfaction with the USA we saw people dancing and showing their happiness and joy on the streets in the Middle East immediately after destruction of the Twin Towers after the 911 attacks! The truth on Muslim anger was best enumerated by the Pew Research Centers and in a few interviews to the media by a top ranking ex-CIA agent, Michael Schemer who was assigned to monitor and track bin Laden. In one interview he says, “We have yet to find a politician who is willing to tell the American people the truth” on the causes that divide the Muslims and the West. Instead of seriously trying to resolve the differences between the Muslims and the West, those tiny but most powerful interest groups are heavily engaged – more openly in slandering and smearing Islam and have launched propagandas 24/7 to destroy any good images and names that Islam ever had. This paper discusses the causes and consequences of the prevalence of extreme negativism against Islam in the West through a theory that he calls the Residual Rules. Two systemic models have also been developed to show the various linkages that led to such extreme negativism against Islam. President Clinton’s recent remark on the Middle East Conflict that Netanyahu killed the peace process and a large section of evangelical USC ongress men are making it impossible to end the conflict. The paper also raised many important issues and suggested few measures to improve relationships between the Muslims and the West.
The University’s Role in Development
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Ahmad, Anis
Universities are always a powerful and creative hub of ideas, innovations and inventions. As factories of knowledge, universities disseminate knowledge, values and culture. The economy centered capitalist ideology considers University’s major role inters of development of technology, talent and tolerance. To achieve these three objectives, the capitalist order invests in higher education to improve quality of life, economic productivity and maximization of profit margin. Globalization of economy, in the final analysis appears to stand for control and monopoly multinational’s network in economy, media, education and culture. While fully aware of its role in economic development, university as a seat of learning and producer of knowledge has to take first things first without minimizing the importance of technology it should address the primary issue of purpose of knowledge or purpose of life. Higher education should, first and foremost serve the purpose and objective of life. Economic development, technology, enhancement of talent and building of tolerance, are directly linked with the purpose of life. This paper argues that a holistic education paradigm can achieve this objective better than the existing utilitarian educational paradigm, exported, in the name of globalization, to the so-called developing world. This paper makes an effort to highlight basic features of a holistic education paradigm based on the global ethical values of Islam.
Auditing in Islamic Perspective and Auditing as Practiced in some selected Islamic Banks Operating in Bangladesh
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Imran, Muhammad Showkat; Ahmad, Afzal; Bhuiyan, Md. Zahid Hossain
The study is on “Auditing in Islamic perspective and auditing as practiced in some selected Islamic banks “Operating in Bangladesh”. The study was conducted on total number of 5 Islamic banks operating in Bangladesh. The study was based on primary data, collected by interview method on the basis of a structured questionnaire. The main findings of the study are: i) identifying objectives and principles of Islamic auditing, ii) analyzing the procedures of conducting auditing in the selected banks, iii) focusing on the major responsibilities and role of an auditor in the eye of Islam, iv) identifying qualities of an auditor in the eye of Islam such as righteousness, trustworthiness, professional behaviour, fairness, proficiency and efficiency, honesty and confidentiality etc., v) identifying major problems involved in conducting Islamic auditing in the selected banks are reported as: auditors specially external are not very much familiar with rules and regulation of Shari’a Council, the bank authority disagree that auditors (external) are quite independent body, the concerned management feel discouraged to help the auditors by providing necessary information and data as well as document, non-standardization of Shari’a compliance and regulation for Islamic finance. Not well equipped with knowledge of Shari’a Council on the part of the employees, accounting systems and procedure are not fully in compliance with Islamic Shari’a, vi) The probable measures to overcome the problems are identified as : proper implementation of accounting systems as permitted by Islamic Shari’a, proper training to the accounting personnel regarding knowledge of Islamic Shari’a, supplying the auditors necessary information and data willingly by the Accounts personnel, recognizing purity of transaction, proper standardization of Shari’a Council rules and regulations etc.
Accounting in Islamic Perspective: A Timely Opportunity, a Timely Challenge
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Ahmed, Alim Al Ayub; Billah, Arif; Islam, Md Alidul
Accounting from Islamic Perspectives (AIP) is an emerging field. Recent years have attracted scholars from around the world who have contributed their thoughts about how accounting can be seen from the Islamic lens. However, the efforts so far are rather fragmented and without a clear agenda for future research. This paper presents a review of the literary achievements made in the field and the areas of current focus. Although the field carries a huge growth potential, the author argues that there are several challenges and problems that the proponents of AIP will face as the field develops further. This paper outlines these problems and challenges and makes suggestions to surmount the potential pitfalls. It is argued herein that, in order to develop AIP as a formal discipline and integrate it within real-life business practices, the research efforts need to be more organized through an international consortium of researchers. A brief proposal for such consortium is included here. Finally, recommendations are made for potential research directions in which future research on AIP can be pursued.
Philosophy of Education in view of the pressing Muslim Requirement in the Islamic and World Perspective
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Khan, Muin-ud-Din Ahmad
In Islam education is endemic to humanity and to the Muslims talabul ilm, acquisition cum research, is imperative, whereas by being bounded within the four walls of husulul ilm, acquisition of knowledge, education of the present-day Muslims has became epidemic by dint of their enthusiasm especially for chewing the cud of the foreign nations in the name of modernization of education which practically throws the Muslim elites out of the global Ummatic social arena turning them into supplanted personalities. Hence, in order to catching up with the dynamic spirit of Islamic education the Muslims are required to suitably overhaul the mentality and aims and objects of education.
Essence of, Approaches to and Transformation Process in Higher Education for Sustainable Development: A Critical Review
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Sobhani, Farid A.; Amran, Azlan
The study aims at reviewing the essence of sustainable education, highlighting its different approaches and analyzing transformation process of higher education for sustainable development (HESD). Since there is lack of sustainability research in the developing countries, the study addresses the issues of higher education towards sustainability from the perspective of a developing nation. This research is qualitative and descriptive in nature. It considered extensive literature survey to meet the research objectives. The study found that the issue of higher education for sustainable development got global attention especially in the Western society. In Mexico, many public universities introduced sustainability education as core course at the graduate and post-graduate level. Among the Asian nations, Malaysia has set an example taking initiative to transform higher education for a sustainable society. University Sains Malaysia (USM) got APEX status incorporating that dimension in the program. Bangladesh, the local context of the study, is lagging far behind in attempting to sustainable education. Both public and private universities are facing many challenges towards that dimension, which are highlighted in this study.
The Need of Ijtihad for Sustainable Development in Islam
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Javed, Arshia; Javed, Muhammad
Education has been a central feature of Islam from the very beginning. Our beloved Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) stressed on the acquisition of knowledge and sustainable development of islam. The Quran has given the fundamental education and knowledge but the Muslim scholars must interpret this fundamental knowledge wisely in accordance with the spirit of the time in which we live. Shariah (Islamic law) is subject to interpretation in order to meet the ever-changing needs of society. Muslim jurists and scholars have relied on the well-established process of change known as ijtihad. The process of ijtihad allowed Muslims and Muslim societies to continually adapt in the face of changing societal conditions and new advances in knowledge. However, declaring the shariah complete and announcing of the closure of the gate of ijtihad turns the great thinkers into idols. In this paper, we stressed on the evolutionary aspects of the knowledge & education (ijtihad) in Muslim society and answered the questions regarding closure of the gate of ijtihad, how important the concept of ijtihad is. As there is an urgent need for the Muslims to realize their failures and deal with the stagnation exist within their minds, how can ijtihad be used to address the needs of muslim societies with reference to contemporary world.
The Need for Computer Ethics Course for the Students of CSE/CS or Equivalent Discipline in Bangladesh
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Islam, Md. Monirul; Alam, Mohammed Shamsul; Ahsan, Tanveer
Ethics has long been a part of engineering education and practices. Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) is not an exception. In this study, however, it was revealed that very few universities of Bangladesh have a course on Computer Ethics in their respective curriculum of Computer Science and Engineering. But the scenario of other countries are completely different; many universities in the world offer courses like Computer Ethics, Social and Ethical Implications of Computing or courses with similar title and content. There is an increasing trend towards teaching ethics as a major course within CSE departments. This paper examines the necessity of incorporating a Computer Ethics course in the curriculum of CSE in the universities of Bangladesh and suggests an outline for the course. It suggests some topics that can be covered in a Computer Ethics course and offers some practical suggestions also for making the course an effective one. This study also examines ethics in computer education in the light of the Holly Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (S).
Islamic Philosophy of Education and Our Challenges Ahead
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Khan, Md. Maimul Ahsan
Philosophical foundation of any area of study or disciple is very important aspect to deal with before undertaking comprehensible plans and programs to implement. Education is a quite undefined and ever expanding area of human resource development directly related to the nation-building, national security, and overall emancipation of the masses. Creaking highly professional and skilled human resources is indeed one of the prime goals for any education system. However, at the ground levels, our failure to disseminate minimum knowledge based on objective assimilation of required information may endanger the survival of the entire nation. Feeding the nation with only greed for money, wealth, and power may cause tremendous damage to the psyche of a nation leading to disastrous consequences for educational policies as well. Finding right kind of balance for educational and cultural system is a very big challenge. This complicated challenge with many ideological, social, and economic dichotomies can only be met by reforming education at its core. Any Morally sound and economically viable system of education needs technical support all the way from top to bottom. Simple mechanical and rote learning of anything may be good for some individual drives to be fulfilled immediately. But those drives as a whole may not be befitting to save a nation from ignorance, moral decadence and arrogance. Thus we can hardly overemphasize the importance of building a comprehensive philosophical foundation based on some universal and Islamic values directed to creating humble souls with cutting edge technological know-how beneficial for the entire ummah, human race, and major causes of environmental protection. The major objective of writing this paper is to articulate some of the challenges we have been confronting in our education system as a whole and to endeavor finding a few approaches to address at least some of those problems to help ourselves in making us better equipped to bring happiness, prosperity, and humility around us all, and also to keep trying ato leave the planet a better place for the generations to come for their safety, security, and spiritual salvation in worldly life and hereafter.
English Literature from the “Other” Perspective: A Thought and an Approach
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Salma, Umme
English Literature as the knowledge of the former master is an exclusively challenging discipline to be focused from “the other” perspective, from Muslim perspective, one among many others. It is a bellicose field because in the postcolonial world its presence reminds of the colonial past, and declares the continuance of the myriad ideological projections and paradigmatic speculations of that past in the neocolonial form. Still postcolonial Indian Muslim societies are promoting and propagating English knowledge in every stage of educational institutions, and thus creating a culturally hybrid/syncretism nation which can neither accept Englishness entirely nor reject its own cultural inheritance and realities totally. Whereas other postcolonial nations can approve, accept and accelerate the mixed-up jumbled cultural syncretism gradually losing or conforming their native cultural signifiers with Western culture, Muslims cannot because the ideology and approach to life of Islam are straightly opposite to the English knowledge, emanated from the Judeo-Christian and Greco-Latin cultural heritage. Keeping in view the aforementioned ideas, the paper argues that this is high time to review this epistemological crisis from historical set up and to read English literature from the “Other” point of view. Therefore, it proposes some ways to re-read the English canonical compositions and puts forward as specimen the re-reading/teaching method of ENG: 2420, titled “English Poetry: 17th &18th Centuries” from the undergraduate syllabus of IIUC.
Role of Mosque for Human Resource Development
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Mahmud, Imran; Rawshon, Shahriar; Rahman, Md. Jahidur
: In this research, an attempt was made to highlight the role of mosque to help build an Islamic HR environment in the society from moral and spiritual perspectives. It also focused on an extensive strategy to be applied by the concerned business people for Islamic HR practice in the organization effectively. If certain contents of HR practice were discussed in the jamat or the Friday khutbah at the Mosque addressing the terms Islamic HR practice would reflect the mind of the people working in different sectors. The research outlined here, if implemented, the Islamic HR would surely function as an effective means of building the stable business and the Islamic HR practice in the society. That type of step is an immense need in the age of the moral and spiritual crises when there is not enough scope to know that information about Islamic practice in business. The survey was based on primary and secondary data both. And this research WAS is developed in the context of Quran and Sunnah. The research is WAS based on mainly the Bangladesh perspective which reach that the 50% respondents strongly agreed that they would like to know about the Islamic Human Resource Management in the mosque where 70% respondents thought that the Mosque is a place for not only prayers but also a training centre of Islamic values. Another interesting outcome was 50% respondents are strongly agreed that it is important to bring Islamic scholars cum employers to share their knowledge about different disciplines at the mosque. Such a Mosque can help the Muslims to learn the views and thoughts of Islam and that can help the people live harmoniously and peacefully, and achieve salvation from Allah in the their life hereafter.
Toward Islamization of Science and Technology
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2012-12) Ferdous, Fouzia; Uddin, Muhammad Athar
The attitude and knowledge of Muslim Scientists can play an important role in the efforts for Islamization of Knowledge. Unfortunately, all sciences including Engineering and Technology of today which flourished at the hands of Muslim scholars in the medieval age are void completely from Islamic attitude and spirit. The Muslim Scientists of today are obligated to the Muslim Ummah to bring the spirit of sciences back in accordance with the spirit of Islam. Concrete proposals with specific plans should be further pursued, both academically and practically in the process of Islamization of Science and Technology.