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International Islamic University Chittagong
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Development of A Small-Scale Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) Sensor for Detecting Alcohol Substances
(International Islamic University Chittagong, 2024-03) Rabbani Abir, Mohammad Shahriar
A variation of optical fiber, referred to as PCF, capitalizes on the advantageous attributes of photonic crystals. PCFs, distinguished by their distinctive optical features such as high sensitivity, minimal loss, and adaptability, have emerged as promising candidates for the development of highly efficient sensors for alcohol detection. Alcohol consumption is prevalent in our society, though not always openly acknowledged. Therefore, it is imperative to have precise and dependable methods for detecting alcohol, especially in the context of preventing drunk driving on highways. Presented here is a proposal for an optical sensor designed to detect alcohols for drunk driving on highways. This sensor is crafted with a cladding featuring circular air holes (CAH), forming a hexagonal in shape and a compact hexagonal core. The simulation and analysis of this PCF-based sensor's sensing capabilities are conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics software, employing specific elements for a technical solution. In the THz frequency band, the described PCF structure exhibits a notable relative sensitivity of 83.05%, 82.96%, 82.75%, and 82.64%. Concomitantly, the confinement losses (CLs) are measured at low values: 6.17×10-08 dB/m, 5.89×10-08 dB/m, 5.82×10-08 dB/m, and 6.38×10-08 dB/m for four types of alcohols - Methanol (n=1.326), Ethanol (n=1.354), Propanol (n=1.387), and Butanol (n=1.399) respectively observed at 1 THz. This content and analysis in the THz frequency range is based on Photonic crystal fiber (PCF). Also, the effective mode index is also determined in the frequency range of (0.5-3) THz. As it has good wave guiding characteristics, this suggested sensor has the potential to be employed in alcohol detection.
Interconnected Split-Ring Resonator with Enclosed F Shape Metamaterial Absorber for Wireless Technology
(International Islamic University Chittagong, 2024-02) Islam, Nahidul
This study proposes a metamaterial absorber (MMA) based on rotational symmetry to design a wide-angle, polarization-insensitive wireless system for S, C, X, and Ku bands. The MMA comprises electric ring resonators (ERR) arranged in a single layer with four-fold interconnected rotational symmetry, fabricated using FR-4 substrate. In the frequency range of 4 to 18 GHz, the MMA shows five distinct absorption peaks.
Notably, absorption levels at 4.882 GHz, 6.464 GHz, 7.882 GHz, 11.3 GHz, and 17.216 GHz reach 99.3%, 94.9%, 94.5%, 98.7%, and 92.5%, respectively. The compact unit cell, with dimensions of 0.162λ×0.162λ×0.026λ at 4.882 GHz, achieves 99% mean absorptivity. Furthermore, the MMA exhibits stable absorption characteristics across azimuth and elevation angles (phi= 0 to 90 degrees, Theta = 0 to 60 degrees). Resonances demonstrate near-zero or negative refractive index traits, offering tunable multifunctionality. The MMA's compactness, high effective medium ratio (EMR), negative permittivity, permeability, and near-zero refractive index make it suitable for various wireless applications, enhancing gain and antenna directivity in fixed-mobile and multiband scenarios.
Development of A Small-Scale Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) Sensor for Detecting Alcohol Substances
(International Islamic University Chittagong, 2024-04) Abir, Mohammad Shahriar Rabbani
A variation of optical fiber, referred to as PCF, capitalizes on the advantageous attributes of photonic crystals. PCFs, distinguished by their distinctive optical features such as high sensitivity, minimal loss, and adaptability, have emerged as promising candidates for the development of highly efficient sensors for alcohol detection. Alcohol consumption is prevalent in our society, though not always openly acknowledged. Therefore, it is imperative to have precise and dependable methods for detecting alcohol, especially in the context of preventing drunk driving on highways. Presented here is a proposal for an optical sensor designed to detect alcohols for drunk driving on highways. This sensor is crafted with a cladding featuring circular air holes (CAH), forming a hexagonal in shape and a compact hexagonal core. The simulation and analysis of this PCF-based sensor's sensing capabilities are conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics software, employing specific elements for a technical solution. In the THz frequency band, the described PCF structure exhibits a notable relative sensitivity of 83.05%, 82.96%, 82.75%, and 82.64%. Concomitantly, the confinement losses (CLs) are measured at low values: 6.17×10-08 dB/m, 5.89×10-08 dB/m, 5.82×10-08 dB/m, and 6.38×10-08 dB/m for four types of alcohols - Methanol (n=1.326), Ethanol (n=1.354), Propanol (n=1.387), and Butanol (n=1.399) respectively observed at 1 THz. This content and analysis in the THz frequency range is based on Photonic crystal fiber (PCF). Also, the effective mode index is also determined in the frequency range of (0.5-3) THz. As it has good wave guiding characteristics, this suggested sensor has the potential to be employed in alcohol detection.
Design and Analysis Co Polarization Insensitive Metamaterial Absorber for C, X and Ku Band Applications
(International Islamic University Chittagong, 2024-02) Faysal, Mohammed
This study proposes a metamaterial absorber (MMA) based on rotational symmetry to design a wide angle, polarization-insensitive wireless system for S, C, X, and Ku bands. The MMA comprises electric ring resonators (ERR) arranged in a single layer with four-fold interconnected rotational symmetry, fabricated using FR-4 substrate. In the frequency range of 4 to 18 GHz, the MMA shows five distinct absorption peaks. Notably, absorption levels at 4.882 GHz, 6.464 GHz, 7.882 GHz, 11.3 GHz, and 17.216 GHz reach 99.3%, 94.9%, 94.5%, 98.7%, and 92.5%, respectively. The compact unit cell, with dimensions of 0.162λ×0.162λ×0.026λ at 4.882 GHz, achieves 99% mean absorptivity. Furthermore, the MMA exhibits stable absorption characteristics across azimuth and elevation angles (phi= 0 to 90 degrees, Theta = 0 to 60 degrees). Resonances demonstrate near-zero or negative refractive index traits, offering tunable multifunctionality. The MMA's compactness, high effective medium ratio (EMR), negative permittivity, permeability, and near-zero refractive index make it suitable for various wireless applications, enhancing gain and antenna directivity in fixed-mobile and multiband scenarios.
Smart Bus Ticketing System with GSM Based and Loan Facilities
(International Islamic University Chittagong, 2024-04) Noman, Md. Abdullah Al
This paper proposes a GSM-based smart metro bus ticketing system with loan facelities that utilizes radio frequency identifier (RFID) technology and a loan system to provide an efficient and reliable ticketing solution for metro bus services. The system comprises four primary components: RFID tag reader, GSM module, loan system, and an LCD display. Additionally, ten push buttons and a keypad are used for selecting the destination location and reloading the balance. The system's flow can be divided into three main stages: ticket purchasing, balance checking, and balance reloading. To purchase a ticket, a passenger selects their desired destination by pressing one of ten push buttons on the system's interface. The RFID tag reader then detects the passenger's RFID card and deducts the appropriate amount from their balance, which is displayed on the LCD display. To check their balance, passengers need to tap their RFID card on the RFID tag reader, which will then display their current balance on the LCD display. If the passenger's balance is insufficient, the system will automatically activate the two time loan feature, which enables the passenger to use the metro bus service twice more before their balance is deducted. To reload their balance, a passenger uses the keypad to enter the desired recharge amount, which is then deducted from their bank account via the GSM module. The system updates the passenger's balance and displays the new balance on the LCD display