IIUC Journal of Science and Engineering

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A wideband ENG meta-atom for microwave applications
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, 2023-12) Islam, Sikder Sunbeam
Effective medium ratio (EMR) is an important parameter for a meta-atom for ensuring its emerging performance those not naturally available. This paper depicts an effective medium obeying new meta-atom that shows epsilon negative (ENG) property in the wideband region of microwave electromagnetic regime. Initially, the simple basic unit cell (atom) structure was designed on Rogers RT6010 substrate material that displays nearly 3 GHz epsilon negative property with good effective medium ratio (EMR). The structure shows better performance with more than 3GHz ENG property with better EMR in the microwave region when it was designed on FR-4 substrate material. A material with good ENG property can be utilized in many important electromagnetic applications. Finite integration technique-based CST microwave studio software was used to investigate the characteristics of the unit cell. The simple construction, good EMR and wide band ENG property has made the design significant for the electromagnetic microwave operations.
Analysis of labyrinth-maze-shaped metamaterial for efficient airplane altimeter applications
(Center for Research and Publication (CRP), 2024-12) Hannan, Saif
This paper proposes an analytical description of a unique labyrinth-maze-shaped metamaterial for electromagnetic noise reduction applications in airplane communications systems. The proposed metamaterial has shown a single negative value and negligible reflection coefficient near 5 GHz for FR4 as a dielectric spacer with any thickness. In airplanes, many antennas and radars are used at different frequencies, which sometimes may interfere with other frequencies transmitted from the ground. The proposed metamaterial can eliminate such EM interference at frequencies near 5 GHz. Moreover, the metamaterial has shown incident angle insensitivity up to 180 degrees phi and 80 degrees theta along with TE and TM mode of EM wave. With a solid copper ground, it can act as an absorber with absorptions at 4.12 GHz and 5.248 GHz, which may isolate the altimeter radar system of the airplane from external mid-band 5G frequencies and thus ensure smooth functioning of both the 5G mobile and the airplane altimeter communications systems.
Antimicrobial potentials of leaves of Syzygium fruticosum (Roxb.)
(Center for Research and Publication (CRP), 2024-12) Nasrin, Mst. Samima
The study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial principles of Sygygium fruticosum (Roxb.). The methanolic extract (CME) of leaves of S. fruticosum was successively fractionated with different organic solvents such as petroleum ether (PEF), chloroform (CHF) and ethyl acetate (EAF) to get four fractions: PEF, CHF, EAF and aqueous fraction (AQF). The antibacterial potentials of the extractives were determined using the agar well diffusion method against Bacillus cereus, Stephylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella boydii, and Shigella sonnei. The dilution method was used to calculate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The antibacterial activity of extractives was mild to moderate level against experimental bacterial strains. Among the extractives, EAF had the highest antibacterial efficacy against bacterial strains. The EAF's MIC value of 32 g/ml indicated that it might be employed as a powerful antibacterial agent.
Arabic character recognition in air-writing based on motion data from 3-axis accelerometer
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, 2023-12) Kader, Mohammed Abdul
Air-writing is a cutting-edge, non-touch human-machine interaction technique that enables users to input text into digital devices by moving their hands in free space, instead of using conventional input devices like keyboards and touch screens. This approach appears to be one of the most effective ways to enter text into digital systems in the future. English air-writing has received significant scholarly attention, but no studies on Arabic air-writing were found. In this research, a system is developed to recognize Arabic characters in air-writing based on motion data from a 3-axis accelerometer. A data acquisition system is constructed to record hand movements during air-writing. Each Arabic letter is written 25 times in the air using this data acquisition system, and a motion-sensor-based Arabic air-writing dataset is prepared. Using this dataset, several supervised machine learning models have been trained, and their accuracy has been determined. It is observed that the Fine KNN and Quadratic SVM models have demonstrated the highest accuracy (98.5%) in identifying Arabic characters from air-writing among the various available supervised machine learning models.
Bacterial ghost: A novel strategy for medicinal applications
(Center for Research and Publication (CRP), 2024-12) Ali, Md. Sekendar
Bacterial ghost (BG) is an empty cell envelope of bacteria devoid of chromosomal and plasmid DNA and cytoplasmic content. However, it maintains the cellular morphology with native surface characteristics and bio adhesive properties. The widely used method to prepare BG is the protein E-mediated lysis method, which forms transmembrane tunnels through the inner and outer membranes of bacteria. There are also chemical and mechanical methods that lead to the formation of bacterial ghosts without damaging the necessary components and structure of bacteria. Alongside using NaOH, SDS, H2O2, tween 80, β-propiolactone, and 60% ethanol, hydrostatic pressure is also used to expel the cytoplasmic content resulting in pure envelop ghost. Recently developed holin-mediated inactivation, lysozyme, and protein kinase K are also used to kill bacteria, leaving them as BG. It is used in vaccines, immunotherapy of cancer, and a widely accepted delivery system of drugs, antigens, and other active components. The other efficient use of bacterial ghosts is to stimulate humoral and cell-mediated immunity through antigen-presenting cells. Taken together, BG represents a novel and emerging method for developing potential disease prevention and public health.
Comparative valorisation on biological activities of Leea indica, Oroxylum indicum, Mikania micranth and Smilax macrophylla as a sustainable source of bioactive ingredients
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, 2023-12) Islam, Mohammad Nazmul
In Bangladesh, Leea indica, Oroxylum indicum, Mikania micrantha and Smilax macrophylla have been reported to have medicinal properties to treat numerous types of diseases, such as inflammation, pain, diarrhoea, skin problems and asthma. The present study designed in a comparative manner, assesses the qualitative phytochemical analysis, cytotoxic and antinociceptive activities of methanol leaves extract of L. indica (MELI), O. indicum (MEOI), M. micrantha (MEMM), and methanol extract of S. macrophylla leaves (MESMl) and stems (MESMs). The methanol extract of each plant comprises a significant quantity of secondary metabolites in the phytochemical study. At the same time, a non-significant weak to high toxicity in the brine shrimp lethality bioassay was assessed. Acetic acid and formalin-induced antinociceptive activity demonstrated highly significant (p < 0.001) dose-dependent pain reduction at a higher dose (400 mg/kg). Hence, current findings suggest that all five methanol extracts have potential antinociception effects along with weak to high cytotoxicity. Remarkably, these plants can be a successful substitute besides agri-food substances in the treatment of nociception.
Covid-19 detection using dominant SMOTE in imbalance classification
(Center for Research and Publication (CRP), 2024-12) Islam, Saiful
Global healthcare systems have faced difficulties since the start of the COVID-19 epidemic. For overburdened hospitals, identifying positive patients is a simple and effective fix. The disproportionate distribution of classes poses a significant challenge in identifying the positive case of COVID-19, leading to biased prediction outcomes favoring dominant classes. Consequently, classifiers struggle to learn from imbalanced datasets, resulting in reduced performance. Various techniques, such as oversampling, undersampling, and hybrid sampling, have been proposed to mitigate this issue. However, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) remains a commonly utilized resampling method despite its limitations, including class mixture. To address these shortcomings, I introduce Dominant SMOTE, a modified version of SMOTE. The proposed method comprises of developing a dominant sample selection approach based on numerical attribute values from the minority class, and selecting the nearest neighbors from the majority class for each minority class sample based on dominance values to achieve balanced dataset. The proposed method is compared with traditional SMOTE and Out-Layer SMOTE, evaluating accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score on two benchmark datasets. The results indicate that the proposed model outperforms than both the traditional SMOTE and Out-Layer SMOTE.
Dynamic modeling and analysis of re-switching of an induction motor running at full load Condition
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, 2023-12) Ullah, Aasim
The paper is about the study of the re-switching characteristic of an induction motor. The aim of this research is to analyze the re-switching characteristics of an induction motor and investigate the transient phenomena that occur during the switching process. The motivation behind this research is to understand the factors that influence re-switching and how it can be optimized to avoid disconnection of the machine from the power supply. To achieve this goal, the researchers performed simulations of the machine start-up and calculated various parameters such as initial torque values, steady-state values, speed vs time graph, stator and rotor flux details, and stator and rotor current details. The researchers then compared these parameters with re-switching simulated parameters of induction motor and observed transients in the re-switching case. The methods used in this study involved simulating re-switching in a re-connection situation and analyzing the resulting data using graphs and tables. The study found that different parameters influence the re-switching process and that quick re-switching is critical to prevent the machine disconnection.
Enhancement of thermoset polymer properties incorporating modified graphene
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, 2023-12) Sakib, Md. Nazmus
Thermoset polymers are extensively used across various industries due to their superior mechanical and thermal properties. However, their inherent limited flexibility and low tensile strength have constrained their application in high-performance fields. This study explores the reinforcement of thermoset polymers with modified graphene, specifically graphene oxide (GO), to overcome these limitations. GO is chemically or physically treated to enhance its dispersion and compatibility with thermoset polymers. Epoxy resin is used as the thermoset polymer, and GO is incorporated in varying weight percentages (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) using a solution mixing technique. The resultant GO/epoxy nanocomposites are characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Mechanical testing reveals that incorporating 0.3 wt.% GO into the epoxy matrix increases hardness and flexural strength by 11% and 28.48%, respectively, compared to pure epoxy. These findings indicate that GO-epoxy nanocomposites exhibit superior properties, highlighting their potential applications in the automotive, aerospace, and electronic industries
Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-arthritic and anthelmintic activities of methanolic leaves extract of Chaetocarpus castanocarpus (Roxb.)
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, 2023-12) Khatun, Mst. Riniara
(Roxb.) leaves (MECCL). Phytochemical screenings were performed by using standard protocols. MECCL demonstrated solid free radical scavenging activity in DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl) test, as well as total phenol and total flavonoid content were found in a quantitative assay. The topmost value of antioxidant potency (87.38%) of MECCL has exposed at 500 μg/ml concentration, whereas standard ascorbic acid reveals a 97.49% outcome at an identical concentration. However, the flavonoid and phenolic potentials of MECCL were found at 149.14± 0.084 mg QE/gm and 184.66 ± 0.064 mg GAE/gm, correspondingly. The in vitro anti-arthritic activity was appraised by protein denaturation method, whereas plant extracts proclaimed dose-dependent response working on protein denaturation method and the peak inhibition was found (60.32 ± 1.72) at 500 μg/mL concentration. MECCL also proclaimed the dose-related anthelmintic activity on aquarium worm (Tubifex tubifex) as revealed by the decreased paralyzing time and death time. So, the current research propose that Chaetocarpus castanocarpus (Roxb.) could be a better choice for managing cardiovascular disease, arthritis and helminthiasis .
Gesture recognition through binary video transformation with IoT
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, 2023-12) Arefin, Muhammed Nazmul
Sign language is used by those who are deaf to communicate. The use of American Sign Language (ASL) is widespread all over the world. For those who are deaf, it is problematic because many others do not understand sign language. Both deaf individuals and any service staff would greatly benefit if there was an innovative solution that could identify signs and convert them into simple English. Convolutional neural networks (CNN), one of the subtypes of neural networks, are utilized for picture applications and have a wide range of uses. For video applications with time components, we use Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) or Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. However, these networks require a substantial amount of conditioning before producing accurate results, leading to longer processing times. In this work, we achieved improved results with 99.40% accuracy for alphabets and 99.70% accuracy for words when using CNN to recognize gestures from video.
Image based color correction for dichromatic colorblind patients
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, 2023-12) Khaliluzzaman, Md.
Color correction for color blindness to understand the vision defect images is an active research area in the field of computer vision and image processing. The problem occurs due to the lack of human cone cells. For that, defective people cannot recognize specific wavelengths and colors. To mitigate this problem, we focus on fixing the color of images for dichromatic patients in this work. In this regard, the Ishihara test distinguishes the dichromatic patient. After that, the second Ishihara test is used to specifically categorize the patient, i.e., protanopia, deuteranopia, or tritanopia. These processes are used to reduce the processing time. Afterwards, the evaluation method is applied to create the image that the colourblind people originally saw. Finally, the daltonization algorithm is utilized to correct the color. The proposed method shows better results with respect to the other method and real-time images.
In vitro antimicrobial and antiarthritic effects of methanolic extract of Zanthoxylum rhetsa leaves
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, 2023-12) Sayeed, Mohammed Abu; Ali, Md. Sekendar; Chowdhuy, U Swe Sing; Islam, Ameerul; Ruzzama, Naiya; Muzammil Ahmad; Azad, Afrina
The antimicrobial study of Zanthoxylum rhetsa leaves methanol extract was evaluated by the disc diffusion method against some pathogenic organisms. It exhibits the activity against almost all the test bacterial and fungal species with the zone of inhibition from mild to moderate in different concentrations- 100, 300 and 500 μg/disc where microbial species exhibits from minimum 10 to maximum 27 mm zone of inhibition. The Antiarthritic test have also done by using six concentrations for UV absorbance of test solution, product control solution, test control solution and percentage of inhibition of methanolic extract of Z. rhetsa with comparison of standard Diclofenac sodium in different concentrations like 31.75 μg/mL, 62.5 μg/mL, 125 μg/mL, 250 μg/mL, 500 μg/mL and 1000 μg/mL where different concentrations showed an increase in all the parameters that was significant from test, control and standard groups. The present study indicates that, the extract has both antibacterial and antifungal activity from mild to moderately in different concentrations and has significantly antiarthritic activities.
In vitro antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, antioxidant and In vivo analgesic activities of methanol extract of Dipterocarpus turbinatus leaves
(Center for Research and Publication (CRP), 2024-12) Abu Sayeed, Mohammad; Ahmad, Muzammil; Kader, Shalah Uddin; Hasan, Mehedi
The study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, and analgesic properties of a methanol extract of Dipterocarpus turbinatus leaves. The extract shows a moderate antimicrobial effect against the tested organisms at different concentrations (10-19 mm of zone of inhibition). The percentage of mortality was observed to increase as the dose increased. The LC50 was found to be 408.50 μg/mL which proved the plant to be a good source of novel drugs with less toxicity. It exhibits antioxidant effect revealed by increase in the percentage of scavenging assay observed with increase in concentration. The presence of reductants in MEDT was also revealed. The number of writhing which is a dose dependent shows highest number at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight i.e., 32.83±1.25 and 28.16±1.89, 15.5±2 for 400 mg/kg of MEDT and 10 mg/kg of Diclofenac-Na respectively. At a dose 0f 200 mg/kg of MEDT, 28.51±0.560 seconds were spent licking the paw while at a dose of 400 mg/kg of MEDT, 23.60±0.545 seconds were spent licking the paw.
In vitro quality assessment of ketotifen fumarate tablets commercially available in Bangladesh
(Center for Research and Publication (CRP), 2024-12) Sayeed, Mohammed Abu
Quality defines the standard of a product and every company strives to achieve it, although it is often challenging. Quality of pharmaceutical products is very important for achieving the therapeutically activity of the standard drugs. This research work was aimed to investigate the quality control parameters of five brands of ketotifen that are available in the market. The five ketotifen brands were collected from the Bangladeshi local market, after which they underwent various physical parameter assessments including weight variation, hardness, friability, potency, disintegration, and acid-base degradation assessments. The brands passed the tests as no tablets crossed the ±10 % weight variation. The percentage friability of the five brands was less than 1%, hence they satisfied the standards. The disintegration time of the tablets did not exceed 5 minutes; therefore, they met the standards. All the brands showed potency ranging from 90 to 110%. In the degradation studies, no products met the USP specified limit. The average hardness of all brands did not meet the standard criterion.
Investigation of some heterocyclic derivatives as sars-cov-2 main protease inhibitors: An in-silico approach
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, 2023-12) Kabir, Emranul
A respiratory disease termed COVID-19 is brought on by one of the most potent ribonucleic acids (RNA) viruses. It has captivated the interest of scientists, virologists, and medical experts to create mechanisms to fight the disease. Computational research is needed on COVID-19 proteins and drugs due to their health risks. Till now, the only appropriate therapy was a vaccination. As a consequence, in the current study, a few heterocyclic derivatives with isoxazole, as well as pyrazole functionalities, are selected for docking studies with the primary proteases of SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID: 7BQY and 6LU7). Compared to well-known antibiotics like azithromycin, remdesivir, and hydroxychloroquine, heterocyclic analogs 2-7 have significant docking scores (-8.0 to -6.2 kcal/mol). This study clearly showed that the pyrazole analogue 7 exhibited the most binding affinity with both 7BQY and 6LU7 (-8.0 and -7.1 respectively) proteins as well as the interactions between the residues of amino acid in proteins and drugs in the docked conformers to explain such high scores incorporating B3LYP and 6-31G+ DFT method.
Kattosh (Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites) an edible vegetable improve anxiety and depression in animal model
(Center for Research and Publication (CRP), 2024-12) Reza, Ali
Lasia spinosa (L.) thw is utilized in folk medication against different ailments such as diabetic, anxiety and depression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anxiolytic and antidepression activities of hydroalcoholic extract of Lasia spinosa (HaE-LS) in mice model. This research investigated the effects of hydroalcoholic extract (HaE-LS) L. spinosa in recovery of behavioral changes through its, anxiolytic and anti-depressant impacts. The anxiolytic activity was assessed by elevated plus maze (EPM) test and hole board tests (HBT), anti-depressant effect was appraised by tail suspension tests (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). During the anxiolytic assay by elevated plus maze test, the HaE-LS significantly (p< 0.05) increased the time spent in the open arm 71.67 ± 4.70 sec at the dosages of 400 mg/kg. In HBT HaE-LS exhibited dose-dependent anxiolytic activity. In TST, mice swallowed with 400 mg/kg of HaE-LS demonstrated significant (p< 0.005) immobile time 60.33 ± 2.37 sec.In FST, the HaE-LS displayed reductions in their immobility times, which was significant 75.67 ± 2.33 sec and 61.67 ± 2.33 sec at the dosage of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Overall, the results recommend that HaE-LS could be a promising beneficial option for the treatment of anxiety and depression disorders
Levosalbutamol Sulphate mucoadhesive buccal thin film formulation design and characterization: Effect of polyethylene glycol 400 as a plasticizer
(Center for Research and Publication (CRP), 2024-12) Morshed, Md Masud
The present study aimed to design and evaluate mucoadhesive buccal thin films of levosalbutamol sulphate to circumvent pre-systemic elimination due to gastrointestinal degradation and hepatic first-pass metabolism. Films were prepared using four water-soluble polymers in varying proportions with PEG-400 as a plasticizer. A total of five formulations were developed and characterized for physicochemical parameters including surface pH, film thickness, folding endurance, mass and content uniformity, density, swelling index, disintegration time, percent moisture absorption/loss (PMA/PML), in vitro drug release kinetics, and ex vivo mucoadhesion time. All evaluations were performed in triplicate to ensure data reliability. The prepared films exhibited high folding endurance (>300), uniformity in mass and thickness, and a surface pH compatible with salivary fluid. Disintegration time and content uniformity met standard criteria. Drug release kinetics followed zero-order in two formulations, Higuchi model in two, and first-order in one. Mucoadhesion times ranged from 2 to 9 minutes, and the films demonstrated satisfactory stability under both dry and humid conditions.
Modified electrophoretic deposition approach for dye-sensitized solar cell application
(Center for Research and Publication (CRP), 2024-12) Choudhury, Md. Shamimul Haque
In this investigation, we are reporting a new electrophoretic deposition approach to prepare a homogeneous, uniform, and crack-free TiO2 photoelectrode for DSSC application. A four-layer deposition technique along with the optimization of the EPD parameters has been applied in this work. To ensure the uniformity of the photoelectrode film, the substrate has been rotated by an angle of 90 degrees before each deposition. The uniformity of the layer is observed by measuring the thickness of the film from each side. The result shows that the proposed technique maintains more uniformity compared to the single-layer deposition and conventional multilayer deposition techniques. It gives relatively a compact layer photoelectrode surface having less amount of crack. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image of the photoelectrode surface and photovoltaic performance of the cells confirms that our proposed EPD approach gives a uniform, homogeneous, and compact layer photoelectrode surface with better photovoltaic performance compared to the cells prepared by a conventional single layer or multilayer deposition technique.
Optimization of chloride removal from tannery soaking wastewater by lime alum process
(CRP, International Islamic University Chittagong, 2023-12) Islam1, Md. Monirul; Zahid1, Rummon Bin; Raha1, Rajan Kumar; Sakib2, Md. Nazmus
Chloride removal from tannery-soaking wastewater has been a significant issue due to the presence of high levels of chloride in the wastewater produced by the tanning industry. High levels of chloride ions are harmful to human health as well as the environment if the water is not properly treated. Traditional methods like ion exchange, reverse osmosis, demineralization, coagulation, electrodialysis, precipitation, and adsorption are costly and often ineffective. The lime-alum process offers a promising alternative. This method involves adding lime and alum to the wastewater, forming hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide flocs that precipitate and remove chloride ions. Our research identified the optimal conditions for this process: a pH of 10, reaction time of 25 minutes, temperature of 25°C, and alum dosage of 0.5 grams. Under these conditions, chloride removal reached 635 mg/L. The lime-alum process is cost-effective, using inexpensive chemicals and low energy, and it can be easily integrated into existing wastewater treatment systems. These findings highlight its potential as an efficient solution for chloride removal in the tanning industry.